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IS-54 and IS-136

Hasbi Nur P.W / 23212019
MATA KULIAH SISTEM KOMUNIKASI NIRKAWAT (ET-5188)
Dosen : Dr. Ir Suhartono Tjondronegoro
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Contents
Introduction of NA-TDMA
1
Frequency Allocations & Bandwidth
2
Modulation & Coding
3
Capacity
4
Propagation Model
5
How NA-TDMA works
6
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Introduction
NA-TDMA (North America TDMA)
ADC (American Digital Celluler)
D-AMPS (Digital AMPS)
NADC (North American Digital Celluler)
USDC (United States Digital Celluler)
IS-54 / IS-136
Terminology
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Introduction
IS-54 Network Architecture
VLR : Visitor Location Registration
HLR : Home Location Regstration
BS : Base Station
AUC : Authentication Center
EIR : Equipment Identity Register
BSC : Base Station Controller
BTS : Base Transceiver Station
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Introduction
IS-136 Network Architecture
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Frequency Allocation & Bandwidth
Reverse
Channel
Frequency
Channel
Frequency Allocation
Forward
Channel
Mobile-to-BS
BS-to-Mobile
869 894 MHz
824 849 MHz
Spacing
45 MHz
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1 Digital Channel : 30 kHz
Contains 25 frame/s
Each frame is 40-ms long and has 6 time
slots
One frame contains 1944 bits (972 symbols)
Each slot contains 324 bits (162 symbols)

Frequency Allocation & Bandwidth
TDMA Channel
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Frequency Allocation & Bandwidth
TDMA Slot
s kb
frame ms
frame timeslots timeslot bits
/ 6 . 48
/ 40
/ 6 / 324

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Frequency Allocation & Bandwidth
Frame Structure
Slow Associated
Control Channel
(SACCH)

Digital Verification
Color Code (DVCC)

Reserved for Future
Use (RSVD)

Frame offset
Forward frame=reverse frame+(1 time slot+44 symbols)
=reverse frame+206 symbols
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Modulation and Coding
NA-TDMA use /4 DQPSK
Information is encoded differentially; symbols do not
correspond to absolute phases, but to the phase difference
between two adjacent symbols.


Modulation
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Modulation and Coding
/4 DQPSK Transimitter
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Modulation and Coding
Carrier phase shift corresponding to various input bit pairs
when
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VSELP (Vector-sum Excited Linier Predictive)



speech coder bit rate : 7950 bps
speech is broken into frames
each frame is 20-ms (160 symbols)
subframes 40 samples (5 ms)

Modulation and Coding
Speech Coding (full rate)
uses a codebook to vector-quantize the excitation(residual) signal
such that the computation required for the codebook search
process at the sender can be significantly reduced
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Modulation and Coding
VSELP Speech Decoder
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Modulation and Coding
Channel Coding
159 bits within speech coder frame divided into 2 class
77 class-1 bits
82 class-2 bits
Rate after channel coding : 13 kbps
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Modulation and Coding
BER Performance
BER Performance of /4 DQPSK in slow flat-fading channel corrupted by CCI and AWGN
fc= 850 MHz, fs=24 ksps raised-cosine roll-off factor = 0,2, C/I = (1) 20 dB, (2) 30 dB, (3)
40 dB (4) 50 dB, (5) infinity
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Modulation and Coding
BER Performance
BER Performance vs Eb/No for /4 DQPSK in Rayleigh flat-fading channel for
various mobile speeds, fc= 850 MHz, fs=24 ksps raised-cosine roll-off factor =
0,2, C/I = 100 dB, Generated by BERSIM
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Capacity
Full Rate Speech Coder of 7,95 Kbps/user




Channel Mode (1) Full Rate, (2) Half Rate
Half Rate Speech coder of
3,975 Kbps/user



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Carrier Channel Bandwidth

Number of User per channel :

Total number of available channel

Total number of user per channel

Frequency Reuse Factor : 4 or 7
- user/cell = 2500/4 = 625 user/cell
- user/cell = 2500/7 = 357 user/cell

Capacity
Capacity Calculation

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Capacity
Capacity Comparison of AMPS with Digital TDMA Based Cellular Systm
Parameter AMPS GSM USDC PDC
Bandwidth (MHz) 25 25 25 25
Voice channel 833 1000 2500 3000
Frequency Reuse (Cluster size) 7 4 atau 3 7 atau 4 7 atau 4
Channel/site 119 250 atau 333 357 atau 625 429 atau 750
Traffic (Erlang/km
2
) 11,9 27,7 atau 40 41 atau 74,8 50 atau 90,8
Capacity Gain 1,0 2,3 atau 3,4 3,5 atau 6,3 4,2 atau 7,6
In practice TDMA systems improve capacity by factor of three to six time
as compare to analog cellular radio system.
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Capacity
Comparison of Spectral Efficiency between NA-TDMA with other systm
Spectral Efficiency IS-54 > GSM
The bandwidth efficiency (or spectrum efficiency) is defined as the
information bit rate, Rb, per unit bandwidth occupied, and is measured
in bits/sec/Hz (bps/Hz)
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Power Transmit
Power Classification in IS-54
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Power Transmit
Power Classification in IS-136
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Propagation Model
Typical Urban



a(hm) : correction factor for mobile antenna height
For large cities :

For Small and Medium Cities :

Typical Sub-Urban


Rural
Okumura-Hata Model
This Model is Valid for :
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Propagation Model
This Model is a combination of empirical and deterministic
models for estimating the path loss in an urban area over the
frequency range of 800 MHz to 2000 MHz





Free Space Loss is given :

Cost 231 Model
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Propagation Model
Comparison of Okumura-Hata and Cost 231 Model
In PCS System : 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 km distance, hb =30 m, hm =2 m,
and carrier frequency fc =900 MHz
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IS-136
The main difference between IS-54 and IS-136 is,
that IS-136 uses TDMA also on the control channel
, DCCH (Digital Control Channel)

Basic Feature :
Operates in 800/1900 MHz band
Channel bandwidth 30 kHz
TDMA frame 40 ms in 6 time slots
The control Channel : IS-136 has both digital
(DCCH) and analog (ACC) control channels.





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How NA-TDMA works
IS-136 Call Processing
1. Scanning and Locking
finding the most suitable control channel, obtaining inf. about
the system. Find DCCH or ACC
2. Camping
camping state : when MS is idle on a DCCH and waiting for pages
from the system. Doing many task : re-evaluate the DCCH environment.
- MS must monitor its assigned paging slot to look for message from
BS
- MS must check to determine whether any inf. has changed on the BCCH
3. System Access
IVDC message is sent to the phone to provide the phone with selected
voice channel to be used to start the conversation
4. Conversation
The phone is in the conversation mode when it is turned to a voice or DTC
and is providing a voice path for a call
- MS continually measures neighboring radio channel
5. MAHO (Mobile Assisted Hand-off
digital-to-digital, digital-to-analog, analog-to-analog, dan digital-to-analog
6. Call Completion
a release message is either received from the system or sent from MS
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