Batch XIX

Project Management An Overview

&
Introduction to Project Management
Lecture 01 & 02
Project
Tom Peters
Author and Consultant
Projects, rather than repetitive tasks, are now the
basis for most value-added in business
In this session we will discuss
Why should you learn Project Management?
Scope of the Project Management Course
Origin and growth of Project Management (PM)
Definition of a project
Objectives of a project
Characteristics of a project
Programs Vs Projects
Project Vs Operations
Project Management Vs Management


Why Project Management -1
Customer, Competition and Change
Shortened product life cycle
Time to market critical
Growing demand for a broad range of complex,
sophisticated, customized goods and services
Emergence of Global competition
Technological Developments (Including Internet)
Knowledge explosion
Corporate downsizing
Increased customer focus
The tasks are multidisciplinary and complex
Team-based problem solving v. individual
has become important.
Increase in the number of non routine
activities in an organization.
SW industry growth.





Why Project Management -2
Organizational Imperatives for
Project Management
Traditional hierarchical management declining
Consensual management increasing
Increasing reliance on systems approach
(systems engineering)
Projects have become integral to organizational
strategy and accomplishment of goals
Origin of Project Management (PM)
Project Management is as old as civilization example
??????
Credit for development of modern Project Management
tools and techniques goes to Army.
Army used PM for achieving tasks not achievable by
traditional organizations in traditional ways.
Seeing the success of military Project Management
practices, non military sectors and business
organizations followed suit, by adopting Project
Management to their organizations



Growth
Military again is credited with developing most PM
techniques
Private constructions firms followed suit.
Followed by automotive companies to develop new
models
GE used PM to develop jet engines.
Increasingly organizations are using projects to
implement organization strategy

Growth of PM in Services Sector
Currently PM is becoming more popular with services
sector
Ad campaigns
Different media, different locations.
PM in services sector (to name a few)
Weddings
Tea parties
Fund drives
Election campaigns
Performing a series of surgeries on an accident victim
The Definition of a Project
Project Management Institute(PMI)


A temporary endeavor undertaken to
create a product or service

What is a Project?
A complex, non-routine, one-time effort
limited by time, budget, resources, and
performance specifications designed to
meet customer needs.
(Solves a problem, a change process
clear goal(s))
Project Characteristics - 1
Objective:
Construction of a sky scraper or release of a Software by some
specified date within a certain budget
No repetition like daily organizational jobs
Definite Beginning and End:
Routine jobs are continuous
Multi dimensional skills are needed compared to single
skill (like accounting) in routine jobs
Non routine and some thing unique:
Landing rover on Mars etc.
Each construction project is different
Time, cost and specific outcomes higher degree of
accountability
Project Characteristics - 2
Have a life cycle with finite due date
Interdependencies with other projects, functional
departments for scarce resources,
Constraints
Resource requirements and tradeoffs - Limited resources
Multiple stakeholders (Client, parent organization, project team,
public)
Conflict project vs project, project vs department is inherent





Triple Constraints of a Project
Triple Constraints:
Performance
Time
Cost
Expectations of clients inherent part of the
project specifications

Process Vs Project
Project
One shot limited life

One objective
Unique and separate
from normal organization
work
Heterogeneous People
Systems are created
Performance, time, cost
less certain

Process
Ongoing, day-to-day
activities
Several Objective
Use existing systems,
properties, and
capabilities
Homogenous People
System in place
Performance, time, and
cost known
Programs versus Projects
Program Defined
A series of coordinated, related, multiple projects that
continue over an extended time and are intended to
achieve a goal.
A higher level group of projects targeted at a common
goal.
Example:
Project: completion of a required course in project
management.
Program: completion of all courses required to get MBA
degree.
Class Exercise
No 01
Project --- Not a Project ?
Use of manufacturing line for producing Suzuki
Alto Cars
Advertising campaigns
Restructuring of organizations
Operation of regular flight services by air lines
Conducting project management classes
Arranging a Weddings
Preparation of food in a restaurant
Fund raising drives
Election campaigns

Checking your email
Developing a website, producing a movie etc.
Arranging Tea party
Performing a series of surgeries on an accident
victim.



Project --- Not a Project ?
Project Management
The application of knowledge, skills, tools and
techniques to project activities in order to meet
or exceed stakeholders needs and
expectations.
Invariable involves balancing competing
demands between
Scope, time, cost
Stakeholders with differing needs(identified
requirements) and expectations(unidentified
requirements)

Project Management
The process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing,
coordinating, implementing and controlling projects.
Also includes
Project selection and evaluation Process
Termination of projects
Project Audit



Management
Planning, organizing, controlling and leading.



Advantages of Project Management
Responsive to:-
Client & the Environment
Identify & correct problem early
Timely decision about trade offs between
conflicting goals
Advantages of Project Management
Responsive to:-
Lower cost
Higher quality & reliability
Sharper Orientation towards result
Better control, control sub-optimization
Increase in ROI
Better inter-departmental coordination
Higher Morale
Disadvantages of Project Management

Greater organizational complexity
Increased likely hood of organizational policy
violation
More management difficulties and low personal
utilization
Limitations of PM
Conflicts are side effect
PM normally lacks authority and depends on
good will of functional mangers
Summary of the session
In this session we have learnt/understood:-
Project and project management.
Importance of project in todays environment
Difference between project and
operations/process and program
Characteristics of project
Advantages of project management
Any Question??