CONJUGATE BEAM

METHOD
By
Murtaza zulfiqar
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit, students are supposed to;

Understand what is conjugate beam ?
Be able to understand what is conjugate beam method
Will know Advantages of this method over others methods
Be able to derive Conjugate beam method derivation/proof
Be analyse beams and frames using the conjugate beam
method
examples


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Conjugate beam method
The conjugate-beam method is an engineering
method to derive the slope and displacement of a
beam. The conjugate-beam method was developed
by H. Mller-Breslau in 1865

Many credit Heinrich Mller-Breslau (1851-1925)
with the development of this method, while others,
say the method was developed by Christian Otto
Mohr (1835-1918).
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Theorm of conjugate beam method
Therefore, the two theorems related to the
conjugate beam method are:
Theorem 1 : The slope at a point in the real beam
is equal to the shear at the corresponding point in
the conjugate beam.

Theorem 2 : The displacement of a point in the
real beam is equal to the moment at the
corresponding point in the conjugate beam
4
5
The basis for the method comes from the similarity of Eq.
1 and Eq 2 to Eq 3 and Eq 4. To show this similarity, these
equations are shown below.




Integrated, the equations look like this.

Procedure for analysis of beams through
CBM
Procedure for analysis
1. Construct the conjugate beam with the M/EI
loading. Remember when the M/EI diagram is
positive the loading is upward and
when the M/EI diagram is negative the loading is
downward.
2. Use the equations of equilibrium to solve for the
reactions of the conjugate beam.
This may be difficult if the moment diagram is
complex.

6
Procedure
3. Solve for the shear and moment at the point or points
where the slope and displacement are desired.
If the values are positive, the slope is counterclockwise and the
displacement is upward.

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The following procedure provides a method that
may be used to determine
the displacement and slope at a point on the elastic
curve of a beam using the conjugate-beam method.
Conjugate beam
Draw the conjugate beam for the real beam. This
beam has the same length as the real beam and has
corresponding supports as listed above.

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In general, if the real support allows a slope, the
conjugate support must develop shear; and if the
real support allows a displacement, the conjugate
support must develop a moment.

The conjugate beam is loaded with the real beam's
M/EI diagram. This loading is assumed to be
distributed over the conjugate beam and is directed
upward when M/EI is positive and downward when
M/EI is negative. In other words, the loading always
acts away from the beam.
[

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Equilibrium[
Using the equations of statics, determine the
reactions at the conjugate beams supports.
Section the conjugate beam at the point where the
slope and displacement of the real beam are to
be determined. At the section show the unknown
shear V' and M' equal to and , respectively, for
the real beam. In particular, if these values are
positive, and slope is counterclockwise and the
displacement is upward

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EXAMPLE
&
SOLUTIONS
11
Example
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam
shown in Fig. The support at B settles 1.5 in. Take E =
29(10
3
) ksi, I = 750 in
4
.

12
A C
20 k
12 ft 24 ft
Actual Beam
B
1.5 in
12 ft
Solution
Principle of Superposition







The beam is first degree statically indeterminate.
The centre support B is chosen as redundant, so that the
roller at B is removed.


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Actual Beam
A C
20 k
12 ft 24 ft
B
1.5 in
12 ft
B
y
is assumed to act downward on the beam.

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Actual Beam
Primary
Structure
Redundant B
y

applied
A C
+
A C
20 k
B
1.5 in
=
B

B
20 k
A C
B

BB
=B
y
f
BB
B
y
Compatibility Equation
With reference to point B, using units of ft, we require



Use conjugate beam method to compute
B
and f
BB
since
the moment diagrams consists straight line segments.
For
B


15
( ) (1)
12
5 . 1

BB y B
f B + A = + +
A C
B
20 k
A C
20 k
12 ft 36 ft
15 k 5 k
Compatibility Equation
16
A C
20 k
12 ft 36 ft
15 k 5 k
8 ft 24 ft
EI
2520
EI
1800
EI
1080
EI
3240
EI
180
16 ft
conjugate beam
Compatibility Equation
17
8 ft 24 ft
EI
2520
EI
1800
EI
1080
EI
3240
EI
180
16 ft
EI
1800
EI
1440
8 ft 16 ft
V
B
M
B
EI
120
0 M
B'
= +

( ) ( ) 0 24
1800
8
1440
'
= +
EI EI
M
B
+ = =
EI EI
M
B
31680 31680
'
Compatibility Equation
For f
BB


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A C
B
1 k
A C
24 ft 24 ft
0.5 k 0.5 k
1 k
24 ft 24 ft
conjugate beam
EI
144
EI
144
EI
288
EI
12
Compatibility Equation
For f
BB


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24 ft 24 ft
conjugate beam
EI
144
EI
144
EI
288
EI
12
EI
144
EI
144
24 ft
v
B
m
B
EI
12
8 ft
0 M
B'
= +

( ) ( ) 0 24
144
8
144
'
= +
EI EI
m
B
+ = =
EI EI
m
B
2304 2304
'
EI
EI
PL
f
EI
a L
EI
Pa
OR
BB
B
2304

48
31680

4
3
12
3
2 2
=
=
=
|
.
|

\
|
= A
Compatibility Equation
Substituting these results into eq. (1), we have






Expressing the units of E and I in terms of k and ft, we
have

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( ) (1)
12
5 . 1

BB y B
f B + A = + +
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
EI
B
EI
.
y
2304 31680
12
5 1

( ) ( ) ( ) | | ( ) ( ) | |
( ) 2304 31680
12 750 12 10 29
12
5 1
4
4
4 4 2 2
2
2 3
y
B
in f t in f t in in k f t
.
+ =
|
.
|

\
|


Equilibrium Equations
The negative sign indicates that B
y
acts upward on the
beam.

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k B
y
56 . 5 =
A C
20 k
12 ft 24 ft
A
y
C
y
B
y
=5.56 k
12 ft
Equilibrium Equations

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A C
20 k
12 ft 24 ft
A
y
=12.22 k C
y
=2.22 k B
y
=5.56 k
12 ft
0 M
A
= +

( ) ( ) ( ) 0 48 24 56 . 5 12 20 = + +
y
C
k C
y
22 . 2 =
0 F
y
= | +

0 22 . 2 56 . 5 20 = + +
y
A
k A
y
22 . 12 =
Using these results, shear and moment diagrams are

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x (ft)
V (k)
-20
12.22
-7.78
-2.22
A C
20 k
12 ft 24 ft
A
y
=12.22 k C
y
=2.22 k B
y
=5.56 k
12 ft
Using these results, shear and moment diagrams are

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x (ft)
M (k.ft)
A C
20 k
12 ft 24 ft
A
y
=12.22 k C
y
=2.22 k B
y
=5.56 k
12 ft
146.7
53.3
Advantages of this method over others
methods



Generally, the is a more direct and effective method than the
consistency method in determining reactions and deflections of
beams.

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THE END
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References:


Rc hibler , 2009 edition

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Be calm Guys , feel free to ask any questions .
We are here ,to satisfy U ..
But one by one :P

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