Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Temp
Dew Point Temperature in
degrees Fahrenheit.
Temp
dew point
Wind direction
A staff is rotated around the station.
Temp
dewpt
Temp
dewpt
The coding for the wind speed symbols
can be generalized as:
Measured by a barometer
Isobars = lines of equal pressure
Barometric (Air) Pressure
Pressure exerted
by airs weight
Heavy Air – high
pressure
Light Air – low
pressure
Barometer
The instrument
used to measure
air pressure
Measured in units
called millibars
(mb) or inches
ISOBARS ARE ISOLINES OF EQUAL PRESSURE
Air pressure and Temperature
What direction
does warm air tend
to move?
Thing of a hot air
balloon…….Why
does it go up.
Warm Air
When the air warms up, it rises
because the density of the air is
decreasing.
If the air rises it creates low pressure
because the air is not pushing down
on the earth.
Cold Air
When gasses get colder, they begin
to condense, get smaller. Because of
this their densities go up and the air
begins to fall.
Cold air causes high pressure because
the air is falling to the earth.
Increase temperature – decrease pressure
PRESSURE
T
Pressure and Density
Decrease with
ALTITUDE
Air Pressure and Altitude
The higher up you go, the less
amount of air is sitting on top of you,
meaning that there is less air
pressure.
Air movement
What causes the
wind to blow?
Wind is caused by
differences in
Air temp
Air Density
Air Pressure
Wind from Temperature
As Hot air rises, cooler air will “blow”
in to replace the air that is rising.
Wind and Pressure
The wind will always blow from higher
pressure to lower pressure
Why does it do this? There are more
air particles causing the higher
pressure, so the sir moves to where
there is more space.
Pressure Gradient
Def: rate of pressure change bewteen
two locations
When looking at a map with isobars.
The strongest winds are where the
lines are closest together because the
gradient
What weighs more????
Pressure and Moisture
Which is heavier, dry air or moist
air????
Air is mainly made up of nitrogen (N2)
which has a mass of 28g and oxygen
(O2) which has a mass of 32g
Water (H2O) has a mass of 18g.
Because water is lighter than air,
when the air has moisture in it, it has
less mass which causes less pressure.
Water vapor replaces other air molecules that are heavier
MOIST AIR WEIGHS LESS
WIND – Horizontal movement of air
parallel to earth’s surface due to
pressure differences
Temp pressure
dewpt
Barometric Pressure is VERY important!
1013.3
somewhat lower
- about 30 = 983
average barometric pressure at sea
level is 1013.25 mb.
barometric pressure varies around
this value
they do not PRINT the beginning
number or numbers
----
1013.3 13.3
x 133
Temp pressure
trend
dewpt
Temp pressure
trend change
dewpt
Temp pressure
trend change shown
Dew point
Total amount of cloud
Temp pressure
trend changeshow
dewpt n
Temp pressure
trend changeshow
dewpt n
The current weather is very
important.
A detailed set of symbols provides
weather descriptions.
Samples of present weather symbols.
fog rain
haze
* snow
slight
thunderst
,
rain
orm showers
drizzle
. ice or snow
pellets
lightni cloud
ng development
not observed
The visibility is especially
important for pilots.
Temp pressure
visibil trend changeshow
ity dewpt n
Temp pressure
visibil trend changeshow
ity dewpt PAST n
,
*
The amount of precipitation
Temp pressure
visibil trend changeshow
ity dewpt PAST pptn
amoun
t
Amount of precipitation is plotted in
inches to the nearest hundredth of
an inch.
Land/Sea Breeze
Because of the specific heat of water, we
find that there are typical breezes during
the day.
Land Breeze occurs during the day when it
is warmer on land then it is on the sea, so
the wind blows from the sea to land
Sea Breeze occurs at night when the sea is
warmer then the land, causing the breeze
to go from land to see
Factors Affecting Rates of
Evaporation
Increase Temperature – increase evaporation
Wet Booty
A Dry Day…
A lot of moisture
will evaporate.
The wet bulb will 20°C 20°C
14°C
be a lot cooler
8°C
than the dry
bulb.
20 °C
Subtract (the difference) between the dry bulb and wet bulb
Put it all together
20°C
8°C
20-8=12