TOOL HOLDERS

Majority of machine tools producing chips

in production shops use a 7/24 taper
(steep) interface between the Spindle &
the Tool holder. This taper found on
Machining Centers & other Machine tools
represents a familiar, widely used & firmly
established Technology.
SPINDLE
INTERFACE
JBS
TAPER
DIN
CAT
MAS STANDARD
DIN STANDARD
CATERPILLAR STANDARD
JAPAN SMALL MACHINE
STANDARD
7/24 TAPER
7/24 TAPER
BT
7/24 TAPER
7/24 TAPER
HSK
KM
NC5
TWO FACE CONTACT
BBT
DIN STANDARD
KENNAMETAL ORIGINAL
NIKKEN ORIGINAL
BIG ORIGINAL
1/10 TAPER
1/10 TAPER
1/10 TAPER
Tool Shank
Drive Slot
Gauge Line
7/24 Taper
V-Groove for
Tool changer arm
Clamping thread
for Pull Stud
Tool Shank
Tool Shank
Advantages :
Not self Locking.

Does not get jammed in the spindle with use.

Kick out device not required to force tool holder out of Spindle.

Allows tool to be held in place & release with simple Draw bar/Pull stud.

Tool holder once tight in the tapered hole of the Spindle, the tool is
secured.

Tool can be held deep with the body of the holder.

Reduces Tool over hang from Spindle face.



Advantages :

Simple & Inexpensive to manufacture

Taper angle; only dimension to be machined with high degree of
precision.

Standardized by ISO, ANSI, DIN, JIS etc.,
Short Comings

Replies on Tapered Surface to play two important role
simultaneously

Taper Surface must precisely locate the tool holder WRT
spindle and provide enough contact between spindle
& tool holder to clamp the tool holder rigidly in position.



Tool Shank
TAPER ANGLE
7 / 24 TAPER
24
7
7 / 24 TAPER
10
1
1/10 TAPER
1 / 10 TAPER
TAPER CONE SIZE
MAS403-1982 BT SHANK 7 / 24 TAPER
48.4
3
1
.
7
5

4
6

65.4
4
4
.
4
5

6
3

101.8
1
0
0

6
9
.
8
5

BT30 BT40 BT50
DIN69893 HSK SHANK 1/10 TAPER
HSK-A100
HSK-A63
HSK-A40
50 32
20
4
0

3
0

1
0
0

7
5

6
3


4
8

Taper Cone Size
Threads for Clamping on Tool Shank
Spanner flat for Clamping
Coolant hole for
Through Spindle Coolant
O-Ring
for Coolant sealing
Pull Stud
Spigot Location
Pull Stud
7 / 24 TAPER SHANK
INSTALLATION
UN - CLAMP
CLAMP
DRAWING UNIT COLLET
RETENTION KNOB
HSK is an example of a taper/interface system
developed for high speed machining
HSK Taper
HSK Taper
Advantages :

High static & Dynamic rigidity. Bending load is 30% to 200%
greater than steep Taper holders.

High precision axial & radial reproducibility.

Low mass, low stroke length when tool changing.

Centered clamping with twice the Force
HSK Taper
Rotate the spindle fast enough, and centrifugal force can
cause the interface to open up. When this occurs, the force
of the drawbar pulls the toolholder deeper into the
spindle. This causes the Z offset to change in mid-cycle.
And after the cycle, when the spindle cools down, the
contracting metal can make removing the toolholder
problematic
The HSK tool holder design, which features a
short, hollow taper, addresses this problem with
two features. One is a clamp that pushes on the
tool holder from the inside. Centrifugal force at
high speeds actually helps this clamp. The other
feature is contact at two faces-along the taper, and
also along the spindle face.
Difference between BT & HSK
HSK Taper
INSTALLATION
HSK SHANK
UN-CLAMP
CLAMP
SPACE
CONTACT
DRAWING UNIT
COLLET
HSK SHANK LINE-UP
FOR MACHINING CENTER
C YPE
D TYPE
FOR LATHE
E TYPE
F TYPE
FOR HIGH SPEED
B TYPE
FOR HIGH SPEED
A TYPE
BENEFIT FOR USING TWO
FACE CONTACT
SPACE
BT40
CONTACT
A63
F
F
BENDING
BENDING
44.45
63
SPINDLE THROUGH COOLANT
CENTER THROUGH
RETENTION KNOB WITH HOLE
FLANGE THROUGH
RETENTION KNOB WITHOUT HOLE
SIDE THROUGH
POSITIONING BLOCK
SPINDLE THROUGH
Types of ToolHolders
SIDE LOCK
SET SCREW
WELDON SHANK
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Lowest Cost
Many shops already have
these holders in use
Difficult to maintain balance
Not suited for High Speed Machining
Side Lock Holder
COLLET HOLDER
ADVANTAGES
Good Clamping Force
Acceptable Concentricity
Multiple Tool Sizes accepted
Lower Cost
Easily Cleaned
DISADVANTAGES
Concentricity must be verified for
each tool
Difficult to maintain manufacturers
balance specification
Difficult to seal for Through Spindle
Coolant
Need Skill Operator
Collet Holder
MILLING CHUCK
NEEDLE ROLLER
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES

Good Clamping Force
Acceptable Concentricity
Multiple Tool Sizes accepted
Higher rigidity than Collet Chuck
Moderate Cost
Easily Cleaned
Difficult to seal for Through Spindle
Coolant
Nose diameter will create
interference
Limited range of tool shanks per
holder
Special Wrench required to set
torque in order to prevent damage to
holder
Milling Chuck
OIL TANK
ADVANTAGES
Acceptable Clamping Force
Excellent Concentricity
Excellent Balance Characteristics
Positive stop maintains axial
positions to assure maximum
clamping force
Tool Sizes must match Holder ID
Normally requires shorter tool
shanks to maintain LDR
Higher Cost
DISADVANTAGES
Hydraulic Holders
SHRINK FIT HEATING COOLING
Shrink Fit Holders
ADVANTAGES
Excellent Clamping Force
Excellent Concentricity
Excellent Balance Characteristics
Positive stop maintains axial positions
Small diameter nose minimizes
interference
Short Gage Length

Tool Sizes must match Holder ID (H6 tolerance)
Higher tool cost due to exacting tolerance requirements
Requires External Equipment
Requires more periodic maintenance
Higher skill required to change tools
Highest Cost
Do not use HSS shank
DISADVANTAGES
Shrink Fit Holders
Shrink Holder Equipment
MST
Kelch
TOOLHOLDER
DRILL
END \
MILL
TAP
COLLET
HOLDER

MILLING
CHUCK

~
SIDE LOCK
~
HYDRAULIC
~
SHRINK FIT

:GOOD : BAD : NOTGOOD


~
COOLANT THROUGH METHODS
CUTTER THROUGH
COOLANT AROUND TOOL
COLLET THROUGH NOZZLE THROUGH
MAXIMUM SPINDLE ROTATION
BT30-CTH10-45 40000min
-1

BT40-CTH20-60 20000min
-1

BT40-CTH25-75 10000min
-1
A100-CTH25-135 15000min
-1
ACCURACY
BEARINGS
SCRATCH & CHIPS
RUN-OUT ACCURACY
SCRATCH & CHIPS
SCRATCH & CHIPS
SCRATCH & CHIPS
RUN-OUT ACCURACY
RUN-OUT ACCURACY
INSPECTIONS OF RUNOUT ACCURACY
MACHINE SPINDLE
TOOL HOLDER
WITHOUT
A COLLET
CUTTER
CHATTERING
SHAPE OF WORKPIECE
CLAMPING
RIGIDITY
CUTTER RIGIDITY
TOOL HOLDER RIGIDITY
SPINDLE RIGIDITY
CHUCKING RIGIDITY
INTERFACE RIGIDITY
Tool Holder Comparison Table
Method
Run Out Rigidity Access Flexibility Cost Application Remark
Collet
Less 10m
Good Worse Excellent Normal All process
Accuracy is
operator dependant
Hydraulic
Approx.
4 m
Worse Good N/A Expensive
Except
Roughing
Possible High
Maintenance
Shrink
Approx.
3 m
Excellent Excellent
*Less
Costly
All process
H6 Tool Shank
Tolerance required
to Achieve
Clamping Force
N/A
Holder RunOut Rigid Balance Remarks
Side lock holder 0.01
Mill chucks 0.01
Collet holder 0.005
need skill
Hydraulic holder 0.003 not for rough
Shrink fit holder 0.003 h6 shank

Not Good Acceptable Excellent
Type Holder Characteristic
Through Spindle Coolant
Coolant Supply Source
Retention Knob with O-ring
Must allow coolant
to pass through freely