Cassava root husks powder as green adsorbent

for the removal of Cu(II) from natural river water

M. H. P. Wondracek

! ".#. $orgetto! ". C. P. %ilva

! &. '. Castro

! '. I. (! %ilva

! M. $. %aeki

! M.
". ). Martines
*
! %. M. ". $orge

1 Departamento de Qumica e Bioqumica Universidade Estadual Paulista Jlio de Mesquita Filo! " U#E$P
Distrito de %u&i'o Junior $(# )EP* 1+,1+"-./ " Botucatu0 $P Brasil
Email* marcos1ondrace234mail5com
I+,'#-)C,I#+
I+,'#-)C,I#+
'.%)/,% "+- -I%C)%%I#+
'.%)/,% "+- -I%C)%%I#+
6e o&7ectives o8 tis stud9 1ere to caracteri:e tis material o&tained
&9 elemental anal9sis and F6;%0 evaluate te e<traction o8 )u =;;> 8rom
1ater and appl9 in column e<periments to test its a&ilit9 to preconcentrate
metal 8rom natural river 1ater5
6e o&7ectives o8 tis stud9 1ere to caracteri:e tis material o&tained
&9 elemental anal9sis and F6;%0 evaluate te e<traction o8 )u =;;> 8rom
1ater and appl9 in column e<periments to test its a&ilit9 to preconcentrate
metal 8rom natural river 1ater5
6o<ic metals are still one o8 te 4reatest concerns re4ardin4
environmental pollution =Baird and )ann0 ?/11>5 6e9 are present in
pesticides0 d9es0 8ertili:ers0 8ossil 8uels0 &atteries0 etc5 =Baird and )ann0
?/11>5
$ome ealt diseases tat are associated to te contamination &9 metals
are @l:eimerAs0 &lood pressure0 lun4 cancer0 stomac cancer0 4liomas and
oters diseases =$tracan0 ?/1/>5
;n vie1 o8 te i4 ris2 tat metals pose to livin4 &ein4s0 man9
tecniques ave &een proposed to remediate 1aste1aters5 Bne o8 te
main tecniques is te use o8 adsor&ent materials li2e :eolites0 silicas0
pol9mers0 cellulose0 industrial(a4ricultural 1astes0 amon4 oters =Moan et
al0 ?//?>5
Biomaterials ave presented temselves as a 4reat alternative to
produce a less costl9 sor&ent 8or te remediation o8 1aste1ater5 )astor
tree leaves =Martins0 ?/1C>0 su4ar cane &a4asse =Dur4el and Dil0 ?//->
and &anana peels =)astro0 ?/11> 1ere alread9 studied re4ardin4 teir
adsorption capacities0 and so1ed tat te9 can e88ectivel9 remove to<ic
metals 8rom aqueous media5
;n Bra:il0 cassava is a ver9 common plant 1ose root is i4l9
appreciated 8or its caracteristic 8lavor5 Bn te oter and0 cassava root
us2s do not ave an9 2no1n application5 Due to te cassava
industrial(a4ricultural e<ploitation0 it is e<pected tat its us2s are
a&undantl9 4enerated0 tere8ore its reuse as a metal &iosor&ent acquires
an interestin4 application 8or suc a 1aste5
6o<ic metals are still one o8 te 4reatest concerns re4ardin4
environmental pollution =Baird and )ann0 ?/11>5 6e9 are present in
pesticides0 d9es0 8ertili:ers0 8ossil 8uels0 &atteries0 etc5 =Baird and )ann0
?/11>5
$ome ealt diseases tat are associated to te contamination &9 metals
are @l:eimerAs0 &lood pressure0 lun4 cancer0 stomac cancer0 4liomas and
oters diseases =$tracan0 ?/1/>5
;n vie1 o8 te i4 ris2 tat metals pose to livin4 &ein4s0 man9
tecniques ave &een proposed to remediate 1aste1aters5 Bne o8 te
main tecniques is te use o8 adsor&ent materials li2e :eolites0 silicas0
pol9mers0 cellulose0 industrial(a4ricultural 1astes0 amon4 oters =Moan et
al0 ?//?>5
Biomaterials ave presented temselves as a 4reat alternative to
produce a less costl9 sor&ent 8or te remediation o8 1aste1ater5 )astor
tree leaves =Martins0 ?/1C>0 su4ar cane &a4asse =Dur4el and Dil0 ?//->
and &anana peels =)astro0 ?/11> 1ere alread9 studied re4ardin4 teir
adsorption capacities0 and so1ed tat te9 can e88ectivel9 remove to<ic
metals 8rom aqueous media5
;n Bra:il0 cassava is a ver9 common plant 1ose root is i4l9
appreciated 8or its caracteristic 8lavor5 Bn te oter and0 cassava root
us2s do not ave an9 2no1n application5 Due to te cassava
industrial(a4ricultural e<ploitation0 it is e<pected tat its us2s are
a&undantl9 4enerated0 tere8ore its reuse as a metal &iosor&ent acquires
an interestin4 application 8or suc a 1aste5
E Besides low cost and availability, cassava husks present good adsorptive
properties.
E The maximum adsorption capacity was similar to other related materials (0.14
mmol g
1
!.
E The low cost adsorbent, when applied in continuous "low mode, presented an
enrichment "actor o" 41.# and an exceptional regeneration capacity which
easily enables its sa"e use "or 40 adsorption$desorption cycles.
E Thus, cassava husks may be use"ul in the determination o" %u(&&! ions at trace
levels when expensive e'uipments are not available.
E Besides low cost and availability, cassava husks present good adsorptive
properties.
E The maximum adsorption capacity was similar to other related materials (0.14
mmol g
1
!.
E The low cost adsorbent, when applied in continuous "low mode, presented an
enrichment "actor o" 41.# and an exceptional regeneration capacity which
easily enables its sa"e use "or 40 adsorption$desorption cycles.
E Thus, cassava husks may be use"ul in the determination o" %u(&&! ions at trace
levels when expensive e'uipments are not available.
E )5 Baird0 M5 )ann0 Qumica @m&iental0 8ourt ed50 Boo2man0 Porto @le4re0 ?/11
E $5 $tracan0 6race elements0 )urr5 @naest5 )rit5 )are ?1 =?/1/> FFF+5
E D5 Moan0 G5P5 Hater5 %es5 C, =?//?> ?C/F?C1+5
E @5 E5 Martins0 et al5 @ppl5 $ur85 $ci5 ?., =?/1C> ?FC/5
E DU%DEI0 I5 J5 @5 and D;I0 I5 F5 Hater %es5 v5 FC0 n5 1+0 p5 FF.-"FF++0 ?//-5
E )@$6%B0 %5 $5 D50 I5 et al5 ;nd5 En45 )em5 %es5 v5 K/0 n5 ,0 p5 CFF,"CFK10 ?/115
E )5 Baird0 M5 )ann0 Qumica @m&iental0 8ourt ed50 Boo2man0 Porto @le4re0 ?/11
E $5 $tracan0 6race elements0 )urr5 @naest5 )rit5 )are ?1 =?/1/> FFF+5
E D5 Moan0 G5P5 Hater5 %es5 C, =?//?> ?C/F?C1+5
E @5 E5 Martins0 et al5 @ppl5 $ur85 $ci5 ?., =?/1C> ?FC/5
E DU%DEI0 I5 J5 @5 and D;I0 I5 F5 Hater %es5 v5 FC0 n5 1+0 p5 FF.-"FF++0 ?//-5
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(
r
i
n
d
e
d
)owder *#+, -m
E &n the batch experiments some parameters were investigated as kinetic
e'uilibrium, e""ect o" the p. and maximum adsorption capacity.
E /ll the experiments were per"ormed with 00 mg o" cassava husks powder and
by stirring the material1s mass with 1.2 m3 o" the metal solutions. The
supernatant was collected and analy4ed through 5lame /tomic /bsorption
6pectrometry (5//6!.
E %ontinuous "low experiments were per"ormed with , mg o" this material, which
was packed into a 4 mm across a glass cylindrical tube. The system was set to
provide a continuous "low o" 1., m3 min
1
.
E 5irstly, one o" the pumps in7ected ,0 m3 o" a 10 8g 3
1
%u(&&! solution (p. ,9*!
through the tube containing the material. 3ater, the "lux commutator was shi"ted
to switch the metal solution to 0,0 mol 3
1
.:;
#
solution, and then %u(&&! ions
were eluted "rom the column..
E &n the batch experiments some parameters were investigated as kinetic
e'uilibrium, e""ect o" the p. and maximum adsorption capacity.
E /ll the experiments were per"ormed with 00 mg o" cassava husks powder and
by stirring the material1s mass with 1.2 m3 o" the metal solutions. The
supernatant was collected and analy4ed through 5lame /tomic /bsorption
6pectrometry (5//6!.
E %ontinuous "low experiments were per"ormed with , mg o" this material, which
was packed into a 4 mm across a glass cylindrical tube. The system was set to
provide a continuous "low o" 1., m3 min
1
.
E 5irstly, one o" the pumps in7ected ,0 m3 o" a 10 8g 3
1
%u(&&! solution (p. ,9*!
through the tube containing the material. 3ater, the "lux commutator was shi"ted
to switch the metal solution to 0,0 mol 3
1
.:;
#
solution, and then %u(&&! ions
were eluted "rom the column..
cassava root
cassava us2
)owder
<ry
eated cam&er at
1// L)
Hill9 Mill
$ieve
$ample
Preconcentrated
sample =M4 I
"1
>
)alculated )u=;;>
concentration =M4 I
"1
>
#atural 1ater .F5,K N 15, 15+/+ N /5/C-
6ap 1ater 1K/5K, N /5/1 C,5+. N /51C
%e8erence material -K1 N C?5-? ?C5/C N /5.- =??5. N /5C1>
a
#0$.C,I(.%
#0$.C,I(.%
M",.'I"/% "+- M.,H#-%
M",.'I"/% "+- M.,H#-%
Fi45 1 ;n8rared spectrum o8 cassava root us2 1it some or4anic
4roups a&sorption &ands5
Fi45 C " E88ect o8 pO solution on te adsorption o8 )u=;;>5
6a&le ?5Determination o8 )u=;;> in natural 1ater0 tap 1ater and in te re8erence material =1,FCe>5
C#+C/)%I#+%
C#+C/)%I#+%
'.1.'.+C.%
'.1.'.+C.%
= B O
= ) O
)BBO
= ) #
1C,+"1?FF
Fi45 ? Ginetic stud9 o8 adsorption )u=;;> and
pseudo"second"order 2inetic stud9 =inset>5
Fi45 F " @dsorption isoterm o8 )u=;;> and linear sape o8
adsorption isoterm o8 )u=;;> =inset>5
"C2+#W/.-&M.+,%
"C2+#W/.-&M.+,%