DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

2008-2012
SWARNA BHARATHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

APPROVED BY AICTE
AFFLIATED TO JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY-HYD
Maddhulapalli, khammam (ESTD-2006)


MINI PROJECT SEMINAR ON
DENSITY BASED STREET LIGHT SWITCHING SYSTEM

Presented by
B.SWETHA 08W01A04C5
M.AVINASH 08W01A0472
T.SOWJANYA 08W01A04C0
P.RAJESH 08W01A04A3

Under the guidance of
Mr. A. JOSE, M.Tech

ABSTRACT:

The important consideration in the present field of Electronics and Electrical
related technologies are Automation, Power consumption and cost
effectiveness.


The main goal of our project Density Based Street Light Switching System
is to control the switching of Street Lights automatically according to the Light
Intensity.

In our project we are going to make use microcontroller and LDR which
stands for Light Dependent Resistor. The LDR is interfaced with
microcontroller.



AGENDA:
AIM
PURPOSE
MOTIVATION
DESCRIPTION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
1. MICRO CONTROLLER AT89S52
1.1 FEATURES
2. IR TRANSMITTER
3. LDR
4. PHOTO DIODE
5. LED
SOFTWARE USED
OPERATION OF PROJECT
SNAP SHOTS OF PROJECT
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
FUTURE ASPECTS
CONCLUSION










AIM:

The main aim of this project is to design Density Based Street Light
Switching system.


PURPOSE:

The main purpose of our project Density based Street Light Switching is to
control the switching of Street Lights automatically according to the density.






Whenever there is no traffic i.e., the density of traffic is zero, there is
no need of street lights to be glow on high ways which saves power
consumption. The lights of a particular area glow only when a vehicle enters
that area on highways.

To develop the above system we are using Embedded systems
(automated system).

MOTIVATION:


DESCRIPTION:

Mostly the roads are one way, so, it will be easy to detect
the vehicles entering into a particular length of road and also that are leaving
the road.

By this we can also calculate the total no. of vehicles that are present
in Particular length o f the road. For this we are using IR sensor. When an
vehicle is entered on to the road the sensor detects the vehicle.






Micro
controller
POWER
SUPPLY
STREET
LIGHTS
LDR
SENSORS
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
HARDWARE USED:
POWER SUPPLY
MICROCONTROLLER
IR TRANSMITTER
PHOTO DIODE
LDR
LEDS
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:


POWER SUPPLY:
A d.c power supply which maintains the output voltage constant
Irrespective of a.c mains fluctuations or load variations is known
as Regulated D.C Power Supply
A 5V regulated power supply system as shown above.

MICRO CONTROLLER (AT89S52):

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory.
The device is manufactured using Atmel's high-density non-volatile
memory technology.
Microcontroller heart
The Major Features:
Compatible with MCS-51 Products
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
Three-level Program Memory Lock
256K Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
3 16-bit Timer/Counters
Eight Interrupt Sources
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
Watchdog Timer
Dual Data Pointer


IR TRANSMITTER:

Here the IR transmitter is like a normal LED but transmits the IR signals.

These are infrared LEDs; the light output is not visible by our eyes. They
can be used as replacement LEDs for remote controls, night vision for
camcorders, invisible beam sensors, etc.


LDR:
LDR is a light dependent resistor which responses
according to the external light source.

This can be used for switching purpose and to define
day and night.
PHOTODIODE:
Here the photodiode is like a normal LED but receives
the IR signals.

A photodiode is a type of photo detector capable of
converting light into either current or voltage, depending
upon the mode of operation.


LED:
Function

LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them.
Here, in this project the led are used as
Streetlights.
SOFTWARE USED:


Keil software for C programming

Express PCB for lay out design

Express SCH for schematic design






OPERATION OF THE PROJECT:

The IR Transmitter will transmit the IR rays, if these are
not received by IR Receiver. Then it will be noticed that an obstacle will
be detected on the path of IR rays.


This indication will be given as input to the micro controller.
Whenever, this happens, the micro controller will increment the count of
the no. o f vehicles that are detected by IR sensors. And thus the street light
Switches accordingly.
SNAP SHOTS OF PROJECT
OFF MODE:
ON POSITION:
OPERATION MODE:






APPLICATIONS:

This system is mainly designed, to apply this in real time power saving
applications in street lights, to reduce the power consumption unnecessarily.


Here, in this system we are using the IR sensors and array of Leds,
interfaced with a micro controller.

Very less no. of components are using here, occupies less space and hence
in real time application easily applicable very efficiently.






ADVANTAGES:


Future Enhancement:

The density based street light switching based on sensors is developed for
Reducing the power consumption and to save it.

However it can be enhanced in such a way that, by calculating the
particular time intervals and by interfacing integrated real time clock to
Microcontroller.

For the above project, by using Relays we can control normal lights which are
operating with ac voltage(230v).

Also by calculating the carbon monoxide present in the atmosphere.


CONCLUSION:

The project DENSITY BASED STREET LIGHT SWITCHING SYSTEM has
been successfully designed and tested.

Secondly, using highly advanced ICs and with the help of growing technology the
project has been successfully implemented.

Any queries
Thank you.