Process Capability,

Process Capability,
Capability Index and
Capability Index and
6 Sigma
6 Sigma
Sanjay Choudhari
Indian Institute of Management
Indore
Process Capability
Nominal
value
800 1000 1200
Upper
specification
Loer
specification
Process distribution
!a" Process is capable
Process Capability
Nominal
value
Upper
specification
Loer
specification
Process distribution
!b" Process is not capable
800 1000 1200
Process Capability
Loer
specification
#ean
Upper
specification
Si$ si%ma
&our si%ma
'o si%ma
Nominal value
Process Capability (atio !Cp"
Cp =
Upper specification - Lower specification
6
Process Capability Ratio
Process Capability Ratio
C
P
) 1*++ , Si%ma
C
P
)2*0 - Si%ma
Process Capability .nalysis !Cp"
The process is centered at the target of 200 and
the C
p
= 2.00. All is well.
Process Capability .nalysis !Cp"
The process has shifted to an average of 205, but
Cp is still at 2.00.
Process Capability .nalysis !Cp"
Real problems eist !! the process is centered at
2"0. #ow, even though Cp = 2.00, much of the
output is defective.
Process Capability /nde$ !Cp0"
Cpk = Minimum of
Upper specification - x
3
x - Lower specification
3
,
Process Capability .nalysis !Cp"
Process Capability /nde$ !Cp0"
Problems 1
Upper specification ) 1200 hours
Loer specification ) 800 hours
.vera%e life ) 100 hours s ) ,8 hours
Light-bulb Production
Cp )
Upper specification 2 Loer specification
-s
Process Capability Ratio
Process Capability Ratio
Problems 1
Upper specification = 1200 hours
Lower specification = 800 hours
Averae !ife = "00 hours = #8 hours
Cp =
1200 - 800
6$#8%
Process Capability Ratio
Process Capability Ratio
) 1*+1
C
P
) 1*++ , Si%ma
C
P
)2*0 - Si%ma
Light-bulb Production
Problems 1
Upper specification = 1200 hours
Lower specification = 800 hours
Averae !ife = "00 hours = #8 hours
Cp = 1&3"
Cpk = Minimum of
Upper specification - x
3
x - Lower specification
3
Process
Process
Capability
Capability
Index
Index
,
Light-bulb Production
Problems 1
Upper specification ) 1200 hours
Loer specification ) 800 hours
.vera%e life ) 100 hours s ) ,8 hours
Cp ) 1*+1
Cpk ) #inimum of
1200 2 100
+!,8"
100 2 800
+!,8"
Process
Process
Capability
Capability
Index
Index
) 0*-1
) 2*08
Light-bulb Production
Problems
Upper specification ) 1200 hours
Loer specification ) 800 hours
.vera%e life ) 100 hours s ) ,8 hours
Cp ) 1*+1 Cpk ) 0*-1
Process
Process
Capability
Capability
Index
Index
Process
Process
Capability
Capability
Ratio
Ratio
Light-bulb Production