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Objectives
Work and Energy relation
= +
2 2 1 1
T U T
Initial .! " #ork $one % &inal .!
)
2
1
( ] ) (
2
1
[ )
2
1
(
2
2
2
2
1
mv mv
Ns y W ks Fs
k
= +
Power and Efficiency
'ower is defined as the amount of work performed per unit time.
(rate of downing work)
*echanical !fficiency +
v F
r
F
r F
= =
= =
dt
d
dt
d
dt
dU
P
W
s lb ft hp
s J s m N W
746
!!" 1
=
=
= =
input energ#
output energ#
input power
output power
) ( %fficienc# = = 1
lb . T
.
T
ma T W
ma F
C
C y
& '(
) 2 (
2 '2
7!
2 7!
2
=
=
=
=
hp P
s ft Ib P
Tv P
14! . " !!" 6 . 7(
. 6 . 7( 2 & . '(
= =
= =
= = v T
!,ample -./0
s ft v
s ft a
Ib W
P
p
p
in
2
4
7!
)
&! . "
2
=
=
=
=
=
2
2
2
1
2
2
ft/s a a
a a
l s s
P C
P C
P C
= =
=
= +
) ( 17 . " &! . "
14! . "
hp P
P P
P
in
in in
out
= = = =
14. Conser!ati!e Forces and Potential Energy
1onservative &orce+ independent of the path
!,ample weight 2 spring force
The work done by the frictional and applied force
/3 depends on the path
/3 non/conservative/3 the work is dissipated 4heat5
'otential !nergy+ (capacity for doing work)
!nergy comes from the motion /3 inetic energy
!nergy comes from the position/3 'otential energy
6ravitational potential !nergy :
Wy V
g
=
2
2
1
ks V
+ =
!lastic potential energy :
do!n y
up y
+
2
2
1
ks Ws V V V
g
+ = + =
'otential &unction+ particle subjective to both gravitational and elastic force
) (
2
1
) (
)
2
1
( )
2
1
(
* +or,
2
1
2
2 1 2
2
2 2
2
1 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
ks ks s s W
ks Ws ks Ws V V U
V V U
=
+ + = =
=
Conser!ation of "echanical Energy
+ = +
2 2 1 1
V T V T
2 . 2 1 2 1 1
- ) ( ) .( T U V V T
non"ons
= + +
2 2 1 1
V T V T + = +
2
2
1
mv T =
2
2
1
s k y W V + =
&or a system of 'articles
= +
2 2 1 1
T U T
1
2
'
[ ] Wh gh
g
W
W v
g
W
V T # =
= + = + =
2
2
' ' ' '
2
2
1
"
2
1
!,ample
Wh Wh V T # = + = + = "
1 1 1
Wh Wh gh
g
W
#
gh
h
g v $ y %y a v v
h
W v
g
W
V T #
C
= + =
= = + =
+ = + =
2
1
2
1
2
2 2
2 2
1
2
"
2
"
2
2
2 2 2 2
N mg T
mg T
ma F
n n
14( ! . 1' 4"" 1! cos
2"
! . 1'
&""" 1! cos
2
2
= + =
=
=
)
1!
) "
6"
&"""
2
2 1
1
=
=
= =
=
=
T
v v
&st at
kg m
o
o
!,ample -./7
2 2 1 1
V T V T + = +
s m v
g
g v
g v g
! . 1'
&' . 1&2 46!( . " 4"
) 6" cos 1! (cos 2" &"""
4"""
1
1! cos 2" &""" &"""
2
1
6" cos 2" &""" "
2
2
2
2
2
=
= =
=
=
8eview
!,ample -./9
!,ample -./-:
!,ample -./--