King Fahd University of Petroleum

& Minerals
Mechanical Engineering
Dynamics ME 201
BY
Dr. Meyassar N. Al-Haddad
Lecture # 15

Chapter 14
Kinetics of a Particle ; Work & Energy
Objectives
To develop the principle of work and energy and
apply it to solve problems that involve force, veloc
ity, and displacement.
Work of a force
Force F does work on a particle only
when the particle undergoes a
displacement in the direction of the force
F
S
U = F . S
F
U = (F cos u) . S
The Work of a Force
The unit of the work: Joule : 1 joule of work is done when
a force of 1 Newton moves 1 meter along its line of action
1 J = 1 N. m
English Unit Ib.ft

)
=
(
negative is U
zero is U
positive is U
90
90
90
o
o
o
u
F
Work of a Constant Force Moving Along a Straight Line
}
=

2
1
cos
2 1
s
s
c
ds F U
) ( cos
1 2 2 1
s s F U
c
=

Work of a Variable Force

ds F d U
s
s
} }
= =

2
1
cos
2 1
2
1
r
r
r F
Work of a Weight
) (
) ( ) (
1 2
2 1
2
1
y y W Wdy
dz dy dx W d U
y
y
= =
+ + = =
}
} }

2
1
r
r
k j i j r F
) (
2 1
y W U A =

+ |
+ +
A -
: :
: :
nt displaceme vertical :
W
W
U
U
y
Work of a Spring Force
)
2
1
2
1
(
2
1
2
2 2 1
ks ks U =

) s s k ds s k ds F U
S
S
S
S
s -
2
1
2
2 2 1
(
2
1 2
1
2
1
= = =
} }
Positive work
Negative work
ks F
s
=
spring takes work
either compressed or
Stretched. Therefore,
Negative sign is placed
Constant towing force T do positive work,
W displacement vector negative work ??
Normal force no displacement no work !
Positive and negative work ?
J 505 1 98 90 8 692 = = + + . . U U U
W F P
s
J 8 692 30 cos 2 400 1 . ) ( N ds P U
P
= = = )
J 90 ) 5 0 5 2 ( 30
2
1
) (
2
1
2
2 2
2
1
2
2
= = = . . s s k U )
s
F
J 1 98 ) 30 sin 2 ( 1 98 ) ( 3 . . y mg U )
W
= + = A =
nt displaceme the to lar perpendicu always is it since work no does N
B
?
5 . 0
10 30
30 400
=
= =
= =
Total
U
m sretched original
kg m
N/m k N P
Example 14.1
14.2 Principle of Work and Energy
dv mv ds F
ds
dv
mv F
ds
vdv
a dv v ds a
ma F
v
v
s
s
t
t
t t
t t
} }

=
=
= =
=
2
1
2
1

equation Kinetic the applying
2
1
2
2 2 1
2
1
2
1
mv mv U =

= +
2 2 1 1
T U T
Useful equation
to obtain final speed or
displacement
Energy Kinatic
2
1
2
mv T =
14.3 Principle of Work and Energy for a System of
Particles

= +
2 2 1 1
T U T
Work and Energy relation

= +
2 2 1 1
T U T
)
2
1
( ] ) (
2
1
[ )
2
1
(
2
2
2
2
1
mv mv
Ns y W ks Fs
k
= A +
Initial K.E + Work Done = Final K.E
2
2
2
1
2 2 1 1
2
1
) sin (
2
1
Energy & Work of principle the Using
mv s F s W mv
T U T
A
= +
= +

Example 14.2
w= 3500 Ib
v
1
= 20 ft/s
V
2
=0

k
=0.5
s= ?
x
y
Ib 4 . 1723 8 . 3446 * 5 . 0 cos = = = = u W N F
A
ft 5 19
0 ) ( 4 . 1723 10 sin ) ( 3500 ) 20 )(
2 . 32
3500
(
2
1
2
. S
S S
=
= +
Ib 8 . 3446 10 cos 3500 cos N 0 = = = = |

u W F
y
Review
Example 14-3
Example 14-4
Example 14-6