BACKGROUND

Period of transaction
Childhood to Adulthood
Physical / Psychological / Behavioural changes
Influenced by multiple factors
Most vulnerable group
Health problems are different
From those of children and elders












Health problems due to behavioural pattern
Health problems are preventable
Determine health of new generations
Determines future of nation
Lead lead verse consequences in absence of
early reorganization and adequate care












Adolescent
Derived from Adoles care
Latin word
Grow to maturity
Adolescent: Period between 10 19
Extend from sexual maturity to 19 years
Sexual maturity: Girls - 9 to 14 years
Boys - 11 to 15 years












Adolescent Population
India: Accounts for 22% of Indian Population
230 million of Indian are in age group of 10-19 years
Male Female












Prevailing situation in India
Changing Society :
Lifestyle / Attitude / Thinking
Not only in adult but in children also
Disappearing joint family
Guidance and problem solving by lead of the family
Children not left alone /
Listened and given care












Emerging nuclear family
No guidance (or) support from relatives
Parents also responsible
Educated and working women
Parents have less time for children
Children left alone in family
Children to care themselves
Depend of Television and Phone
Experimenting adverse lifestyle












Education:
Helps in think themselves
Develop decision making skills
Yes Daddy Why daddy
Okay mummy Not now mummy












Adopting western culture:
50 years back : India was 50 years behind the western nations
In 1960 : 20 years behind
In 1970 : 10 years behind
Now : Same year / Same month / Same time
Parents not able to complete with change
(Collaboration of valentine day)
Parents not sure how to guide the children












Compare:
Fast developing field
Need to complete with compare to service
Population / Urbanization
High growth rate
Inadequate infrastructure
Poor quality increasing competition for survival












Adolescents are living in the world of
revolutions in 6 major area
Education
Violence
Sexual
Familial
Materialism
Computer












Changes during Adolescents
Physical Changes
In girls
Menarche - 10 -11 Years
Menstrual Cycle 28 days
Fertilization - By uniting with sperm
Breast enlargement
Development of genital organs
Vulva, Vegina, Uterus and ovaries












In Boys :
Change in voice
Hair growth in face, underarms, chest and
pubic regions
Enlargement of external genetalia and
sperm production
Penil erection and involuntary ejaculation












Psychological and Behavioral Changes
Curiosity, apprehension towards rapid physical
and sexual development

Comparing with others and search foe identify
Sexual desire
Stress and Anxiety towards career, Social
status, peer group
Experimenting high risk behavior












Factors influencing Adolescent Health
Nutrition:
Chance for an Adolescents to grow to
maximum potential
High nutritional requirement to meet rapid
growth and physical activity
Iron, Calcium, Iodine etc.












Missing meal / Confectionary irregular food /
Alcohol / Soft drinks
Low intake of micronutrients
Multiple deficiency
Morbidity
Iron deficiency Anaemia
Iodine deficiency disorders
Growth retardation












Dieting:
Compare with peer growth drastic reduction of
food intake
Anorexia Nervosa
Over eating:
Obesity
10% of adolescent are obese












Education
Determines the future comes
Over burden
Increasing Competition
Social Pressure
Expectation and influence from
Parents
Community
School
Peer group












Economic status
Life Style
Education
Opportunity
Cover / Occupation
Social Status
Personality
Social destination
Relation / Friendship












Health Status :
Congenital disorders / Accidents / Infection
Life style:
Eating habits
Exercise
Alcohol
Drugs
Specks












Relation with parents
Unable to discuss freely
No time to discuss
Parents not competent to clarity
Health seeking Behavior
Problem is only for old age and children not
for adolescent
Feeling shy (or) guilt on revealing the health
problems












Influence from Media
Television
Magazine
Computer / Internet
Sexual:
Towards physical physiological change
Sexual desire
No adequate information
High risk behaviors
Pregnancy / STD / HIV / AIDS












Consequence of various factors influencing Adolescent
STORM AND STRESS
During childhood: All decisions made by parents
What to eat, What to sea, When to sleep
Parent solve the problems
During Adulthood: Felling that they grown up
Decide to take own decision
Unfortunately skill not always up to the
expectation












FEAR AND ANGER
Fear due to :
Assuming Adult role, Insecurity,
planning cover, taking responsibility
Anger due to: Unable to do what they want to do
Unable to cope with present situation
Fear is felt and suppressed
Anger is felt and expressed
Behaviors problems












Adolescent Health Problems
Congenital Disorders : CHD, Soliosis, Mental retardation
Infectious diseases : Tuberclosis
Poliomylitis
Filariasis
RHD
Accident : Disabilities
Skin Diseases : Acnevulgaries, saborric
dermatities












Nutritional deficiency :
Iron deficiency anaemia
Iodine deficiency disorder
Growth retardation
Menstrual problems
Disfunctional uterine bleeding
Dysmenorrhoea
Adolescent Pregnancy:
Abortion
High risk
Sexual transmitted diseases:
STD / RTI
HIV / AIDS












Psychological:
Mood disorder
Anxiety neurosis
Anorexia nervosa
Accident
Rape
Homiside
Suicide etc.
Addiction: Alcohol
Drug abuse
Smoking












Prevalence of Adolescent Health Problem











Prevention:
Most of the young adult managing the transition
period with pit much damage
Most of the Health problems behavior based and
preventable
Improve the Nutritional status
Adequate information
Nutrition food
IFA programme












Promote Personal hygiene
Hand washing
Clean Health & Tongue
Daily bath
Clean smegma
Clean genetalia
Wear dry cloth
Using napkins
Immunization:
Hepatities, Typhoid, Rubella / Tetenus toxoid etc












Family support: Encourage free discussion
Promote health seeking behaviors
Health Education
Secondary sexual development
Unprotected sex
Adolescent Pregnancy
Sexually transmitted disease addiction etc.
Close observation and identifying high risk
behaviors
Counselling
Appropriate National Programme












CONCLUSION:
Major changes occurs during adolescent period
Problem age
Inadequate information to deal with problems
Need extra food for growth
Health problems behaviors based and preventable
Early identification and counselling would
prevent adverse consequence
Need for appropriate health programmes.