Name: Prerna Sawant

Roll No.: 1061

Second Year B. Arch
Rizvi College Of
Architecture
Climate constitutes of the
statistics of temperature,
humidity, atmospheric pressure,
wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle
count and many other
meteorological elements in a given
region over a long period of time.
Koppens World Map of different climatic
zones
Weather is a set of all
phenomenon that occurs in a
given atmospheric area at a given
time. Weather refers to day- to -
day temperature and
precipitation.
View of the troposphere on the
basis of which weather is
recorded.
Water Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
Oxygen Cycle
Carbon Cycle
These are the BioGeoChemical
Cycles that are critical to life on
earth.
Water cycle is the continuous
movement of water on, above
and below the surface of the
earth.
Water can change its state
amongst solid, liquid and vapour
at various places in the water
cycle.
The nitrogen cycle is the
transformation of nitrogen and
nitrogen- containing compounds
in nature. It is a cycle which
includes gaseous components.
The oxygen cycle is the
movement of oxygen within and
between its three main
reservoirs: the atmosphere, the
biosphere, and the lithosphere.
The main driving factor of the
oxygen cycle is photosynthesis,
which is responsible for the
modern Earths atmospheric
composition and life.
The carbon cycle is the
biogeochemical cycle by which
carbon is exchanged among the
biosphere , pedosphere,
geosphere, hydrosphere and
atmosphere of the Earth.
The phosphorus cycle is the
movement of phosphorus
through the lithosphere,
hydrosphere and biosphere.
The atmosphere does not a
play a significant role in the
movements of phosphorus,
because phosphorus and
phosphorus compounds are
usually solids at the typical
ranges of temperature and
pressure found on Earth.
Industrial revolution
has led to the
depletion of natural
environment since
many years,
therefore giving rise
to the climate
changes in the past
few years.
Due to increase
human population
the need for shelter
has increased hence
giving rise to the
concrete jungle and
a drastic decrease
in the natural forest
habitats.
Rise in the number of
megaprojects all over the
world causing pollution to
the natural environment.
Depletion of the Ozone
layer due to the rise of the
Greenhouse Gases like
Carbon Di Oxide, etc.
Global Warming caused due
to the increase in
Greenhouse Gases thereby
resulting in the heating of
the environment.
Climate change has resulted in the
destruction and extinction of many
wild animals due to the loss of their
natural habitat.
Melting of Glaciers is another major
problems caused by the heating of
the environment due to climatic
changes.
Sudden changes in the weather
patterns is also seen due to a long
term change in the climate.
Goals commonly expressed by
environmental scientists
include:
Reduction and clean up of
pollution, with future goals of
zero pollution;
Cleanly converting non-
recyclable materials into energy
through direct combustion or
after conversion into secondary
fuels;
Reducing societal consumption
of non-renewable fuels;
Development of alternative,
green, low-carbon or renewable
energy sources;
Conservation and sustainable
use of scarce resources such as
water, land, and air;
Protection of representative or
unique or pristine ecosystems;
Preservation of threatened and
endangered species extinction;
The establishment of nature
and biosphere reserves under
various types of protection;
and, most generally, the
protection of biodiversity and
ecosystems upon which all
human and other life on earth
depends.

Fossil fuel related CO2 emissions compared
to five of IPCC's emissions scenarios. The
dips are related to global recessions. Data
from IPCC SRES scenarios; Data spreadsheet
included with International Energy Agency's
"CO2 Emissions from Fuels Combustion
2010_ Highlights; and Supplemental IEA
data,
Global average surface temperature
1880 to 2009
Global carbon dioxide emissions from
human activities 18002007