WHAT ARE DUPLEX STEELS Duplex Steels are also called FERRITIC- AUSTINITIC steels. Duplex Steels have approx. 50% ferritic and 50% austinitic structure. Ferrite provides Strength and Resistance to localized Corrosion and also refines austinitic structure. Austinite provides Toughness and Weldability
DUPLEX STEELS
UNS N u m be r D up le x Gr ad es Type b C Mn P S Si Cr Ni Mo N Cu Other S31200 ... 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 24.0-26.0 5.5-6.5 1.20-2.00 0.14-0.20 ... ... S31260 ... 0.03 1.00 0.030 0.030 0.75 24.0-26.0 5.5-7.5 2.5-3.5 0.10-0.20 0.20-0.80 W0.10-0.20 S31803 ... 0.030 2.00 0.030 0.020 1.00 21.0-23.0 4.5-6.5 2.5-3.5 0.08-0.20 ... S32001 ... 0.030 4.0-6.0 0.040 0.030 1.00 22.0-23.0 1.00-3.00 0.60 0.05-0.17 1.00 S32205 2205 0.030 2.00 0.030 0.020 1.00 19.5-21.5 4.5-6.5 3.0-3.5 0.14-0.20 ... S32304 2304 0.030 2.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 21.5-24.5 3.0-5.5 0.05-0.60 0.05-0.20 0.05-0.60 S32520 ... 0.030 1.50 0.035 0.020 0.80 24.0-26.0 5.5-8.0 3.0-4.0 0.20-0.35 0.50-2.00 S32550 255 0.04 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 24.0-27.0 4.5-6.5 2.9-3.9 0.10-0.25 1.5-2.5 S32750 2507 0.030 1.20 0.035 0.020 0.80 24.0-26.0 6.0-8.0 3.0-5.0 0.24-0.32 0.50 S32760 ... 0.030 1.00 0.030 0.010 1.00 24.0-26.0 6.0-8.0 3.0-4.0 0.20-0.30 0.50-1.00 c
S32900 329 d 0.06 1.00 0.040 0.030 0.75 23.0-28.0 2.5-5.0 1.0-2.0 ... ... S32950 ... 0.03 2.00 0.035 HEAT TREATMENT Thermo-Mechanical treatment is carried out by rolling at 900-950C which results in fine dispersion of ferrite and austinite which are called Micro-Duplex steels having grain size upto 3-10 micro metre.These steels exhibit super plasticity means ductilities of about 500% at temperatures near 950C. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Density 7.85gm/cm 3 Co-efficient of thermal expansion is far lower than austinitic stainless steels. Temp(F) 68-200 68-400 68-600 68-800 SAF 2205 7.0 7.5 7.8 8.0 AISI 316 L 9.0 9.5 9.8 10.0
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Thermal conductivity is higher than austinitic stainless steels. Temp(F) 68 200 400 600 800 SAF 2205 9.0 9.5 11.0 11.5 12.5 AISI 316 L 8.5 9.0 10.0 11.0 11.5 CORROSION RESISTANCE CORROSION RESISTANCE Pitting Corrosion Pitting resistance is determined by Cr,Mo and N contents.We define Pitting Resistance Equivalent(PRE). PRE=%Cr+3.3*%Mo+16*%N PRE number for some steels Alloy %Cr %Mo %N PRE SAF 2205 22.2 3.2 0.18 35.06 AISI 316 L 17 2.1 _ 24 AISI 317 L 18 3.5 _ 30
CORROSION RESISTANCE CORROSION RESISTANCE Resistance to SCC Austinitic steels are prone to SCC above 60C but Duplex Steels according to laboratory tests have good resistance to SCC. CORROSION RESISTANCE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Hardness Tensile strength %Elongation SAF 2304 230 BHN 600-820N/mm 25 SAF 2205 260 BHN 680-900N/mm 25
YIELD STRENGTH 0.2% offset 1.0% offset SAF 2304 400N/mm 450N/mm SAF2205 450N/mm 500N/mm MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Impact Strength: Good impact strength both at higher and lower temperatures. APPLICATIONS Heat exchangers where chloride bearing water or brackish water is used as cooling medium For use in dilute sulphuric acid solutions. For handling of organic acids e.g acetic acids. In refineries and as flow lines for extraction of oil and gas from sour wells.
CERTIFICATION Approved by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) for use in boilers and presssure vessels. NACE MR 01759 (sulphide stress cracking resistent material for oil field equipment) ASME B31.3 Chemical plant and petroleum refinery piping. WELDING OF DUPLEX STEELS The procedure that is carried out in welding of Duplex steels is as followed 1-Cleaning Before Welding :- Duplex stainless steels are more sensitive to contamination and moisture than other steels. As impurities effect corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of weldment. 2-Joint Preparation:- For duplex steels,a weld joint must facilitate full penetration.the root gap must be wider than that of austinitic steels. WELDING OF DUPLEX STEELS Filler Metals:- Filler metals must always be used in welding of duplex steels because PWHT is not made so ductility and corrosion resistance can decrease due to loss of austinite content in weld metal.Welding Welding without filler metal must be avoided for all duplex steels in high quality demanding applications where quench annealing cannot be performed after welding. WELDING OF DUPLEX STEELS Sandvik C max Si Mn P max S max Cr Ni Mo N 22.9.3 Covered 0.03 1.0 0.8 0.025 0.020 22.5 9.5 3 0.14 22.8.3 Wire 0.020 0.5 1.6 0.020 0.020 22.5
8 3
0.14
23.12.2 Covered 0.04 0.8 1.0 0.03 0.03
23 13 2.7 _ 22.15.3 Wire 0.025 0.4 1.5 0.025 0.020 21.5 15 2.7 _ WELDING OF DUPLEX STEELS GMAW Welding 1-Wire Electrode:- Sandvik 22.8.3.L should be chosen as filler metal for SAF 2205 and SAF 2304. 2-Shielding Gases:- Spray arc: Argon,oxygen(1-3%) Short arc: Argon,Carbon dioxide(1-3%) 3-Backing Gases:- Backing gases are required regardless of joint design.Argon,argon-nitrogen mixtures,nitrogen or Formler gas are used. WELDING OF DUPLEX STEELS Typical Parameter Settings Wire dia Current Voltage Spray arc transfer 0.8 170-200 26 1.2 180-260 29 1.6 230-350 30 Short arc transfer 0.8 90-120 19-21 1.2 110-140 20-22 WELDING OF DUPLEX STEELS TIG Welding 1-TIG Rods:- Sandvik 22.8.3L is used for SAF 2205 SAF 2304 and Sandvik 25.10.4.L is used for SAF 2205 and SAF 2507. 2-Shielding Gases:- Argon,argon+2%nitrogen or argon helium mixtures. 3-Baking Gases:- Backing gases are required regardless of joint design.Argon,argon- nitrogen mixtures,nitrogen or Formler gas are used.
WELDING OF DUPLEX STEELS 4-Typical Parameter Settings:- Parameter settings in TIG welding are largely dependent upon the material thickness,type of joint etc.For example a typical root pass may use 100amps/11 volts at a travel speed of 60mm/min giving a heat input of 1.1kj/mm . SAW WELDING 1- Wire electrodes and flux:- Sandvik 22.8.3L is used for SAF 2205 SAF 2304 and Sandvik 25.10.4.L is used for SAF 2205 and SAF 2507.The flux sandvik 15W is recommendedfor all three grades. WELDING OF DUPLEX STEELS 2-Typical Parameter Settings:-
Wire dia Current Voltage 2.4 250-450 28-32 3.2 300-500 29-34 4.0 400-600 30-35 5.0 500-700 30-35 WELDING OF DUPLEX STEELS SMAW WELDING 1- Covered electrodes:- Sandvik 22.9.3L is used for SAF 2205 SAF 2304 and Sandvik 25.10.4.LR is used for SAF 2205 and SAF 2507. 2-Typical Parameter Settings:- Wire dia Current Voltage 2.0 35-55 22-28 2.5 50-75 22-28 3.25 70-120 22-28 4.0 90-160 22-28