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FOOD PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

AND SERVICE
HHB2013/HTCB2013
Food is something that edible or anything
that we eat or drink everyday. Food will
provide energy and replenish nutrients to
keep our body healthy, physically and
mentally

Historically, people secured food through two
methods: hunting and gathering, and
agriculture. Today, most of the food energy
consumed by the world population is
supplied by the food industry.

Basically, there are 7 components of foods

Carbohydrate
Protein
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Roughage / fiber

Carbohydrate provides energy for our body. It
can be divided into two categories or sources,
- Starch
- Sugar
Starch can be found in rice, cereal, flour and
potatoes. The effect of heat (cooking) on
starch will increase its size and make it soft
and sticky. Water will evaporate before
absorb it again. The process is gelatinization

Sugar can be found in many forms like
- glucose from sugar cane,
- fructose from fruit,
- maltose from cereal
- lactose from milk.

The effect of heat on sugar will result in
change in colour and odour. It will melt and
thicken until it becomes almost solid. This
process is known as caramelization.


Protein functions as agent in building and
repairing body tissue. It can be found in many
food ingredients like fish, eggs, chicken,
meat and soybean

Protein will change from soft to firm, loose it
moisture, change colour and odour, when we
cook. This is known as coagulation.

In some cases, protein can absorb odour or
aroma as well (like eggs, fish).


Fats can be divided into two main categories
Animal fat-milk based product i.e butter,
cheese, lard, whey
Vegetable fat i.e. palm oil, coconut oil,
sesame oil, margarine, shortening, soy oil,
corn oil etc.
Fats stand in solid condition at room
temperature. Smoke will be produced during
cooking.

Vitamins can be divided into 2

Fat soluble vitamin, will be destroyed during
cooking, due to heat and fat being used. The
vitamin is ADEK

Water soluble vitamin will be lost during
exposure of food toward moisture and water.
Which include washing and cooking /
blanching. The vitamin will be B and C.


Minerals exist on every food ingredient. It is
important in building our bodies cells and
help in proper functioning of the body
system, physically and mentally. Examples of
minerals will be calcium, iron, iodine, and
phosphorus.



80% of human and animal body content is
water.
Water functions as a regulator body for
temperature, and assists in digestion and
absorption of food. Water is needed for blood
and all secretions.


Fiber is considered as carbohydrate but it
cannot be digested. It is also known as
cellulose / unavailable carbohydrate.
Fiber helps in elimination of body waste and
makes sure that the digestion track will
function properly.
Fiber can be found in most fruits like kiwi,
orange, yogurt and bread.

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