FORCED CONVECTION IN

POROUS MEDIA

Ahmed Salama and Golam Morshed


oIntroduction
oMathematical Model
oApplications
oResearch
oConclusion


Convection is the process of heat transfer
within a fluid due to its motion with respect
to a heat source

Components
Conduction: Heat transfer through Diffusion and
molecular interaction
Advection: Heat transfer due to the bulk flow of the
fluid

Forced convection is a type of
convection where an external
source provides the fluid motion
Forced convection is a much
faster and more efficient process
than natural convection where
density changes create the fluid
flow
In some cases, natural convection
can occur in conjunction with
forced convection. This is known
as mixed convection
Introduction(Cont.)
Forced Convection in a heat sink
Darcy flow is used in the modeling of most
forced convection in porous media. The
equations of conservation of mass,
momentum and energy have been modeled in
books and various Articles for different
scenarios

Some results obtained for different scenarios
of forced convection in porous media will be
illustrated
Governing equations:






Peclet number:


CONSTANT TEMPERATURE:
Local Nusselt number


Overall Nusslet number











CONSTANT HEAT FLUX:
Local Nusselt number


Overall Nusslet number

Governing equations



Where

where n = 0 for a cylinder and n = 1 for a
sphere
The local surface heat was given by:



And in non-dimensionless form by:


Where
and

Jet blast deflectors are used
on aircraft carriers to prevent
damage and injury from the
jets of jets taking off
Currently seawater cooled
which creates problem and
failure points
S. Feng [3] modeled an
alternative by using fin
heatsinks modeled as porous
media with air forced through
as a cooling mechanism


Applications(Cont.)
Jet Blast Deflectors
Modeled and
experimented with
Pin-fin and Plate-
fin
Pin-fin had a higher heat
transfer coefficient due
to vortex flow
Plate-fin had a more
uniform thermal
distribution reducing
peak temperatures
Optimized design of
pin-fin heat sinks
proved more efficient at
reducing the peak
temperature as well as
heat dissipation


Equivalent porous media
Applications(Cont.)
Micro Channel Heat Sink
With decreasing electronic equipment sizes, and
increasing capabilities, micro-scale heat transfer
has been gaining increasing attention
Heat sinks when coupled with air flow operate
under the principle of forced convection in
porous media
C. Chen [4] carried out analysis on micro channel
heat sinks with a porous media approach



The temperature distribution within the solid was insensitive to the
channel aspect ratio and the fluid inertia forces while the oposite was
true for the temperature distribution within the fluid
The overall Nusselt number increased with increasing aspect ratio and
porosity. It decreased with an increasing thermal conductivity ratio
Governing equation for force convection boundary layer
flow:


Nusselt number associated with respective
temperature field






In the limiting range of small Peclet number,
Nusselt number shows logarithmic behavior

Fig: Temperature profile plotted as a function of r/ro
DarcyBrinkmanForchheimer equation used for
obtaining the axial velocity (U)
Temperature equation is solved
Volume fraction is obtained and iterated until
certain range

Fig: Geometry of problem
Fig: Comparison of Nusselt number and analytical solution
Result shows decrease in Nusselt number through
porous channel as the Lewis number increases
Increase in Brownian motion parameters also
decreases the Nusselt number
The volume fraction does not have a significant
impact over change in Lewis number
As the Schmidt number is increased, the local
Nusselt number decreases
Darcy flow is mostly used to model forced
convection in porous media
Models and analysis of forced convection in
different scenarios demonstrate the relationships
between the Nusselt number and the Peclet
number to determine heat transfer rates
A logarithmic behaviour is observed for Nusselt
number in a limiting range of small Peclet
number
When mass transfer is also involved, the Nusselt
number has an inverse relationship to the Lewis
number of the flow
[1] D. Nield, A. Bejan; Convection in Porous Media, Third Edition;
2006
[2] P. Cheng; Mixed Convection About a Horizontal Cylinder and
a Sphere in a Fluid-Saturated Porous Medium; Int. Journal of Heat
and Mass Transfer, Vol. 25, No, 8; 1982
[3] S. Feng, T. Kim, T. Lu; Numerical Investigation of Forced
Convection in Pin/Plate-Fin Heat Sinks Heated by Impinging Jet
Using Porous Medium; Int. Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat
& Fluid Flow, Vol. 23, Iss. 1; 2013
[4] C. Chen; Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Microchannel
Heat Sinks; Int. Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 50; 2006
[5] Eugen Magyari; Forced Convection Heat Transfer from a
Heated Cylinder in an Axial Background Flow in a Porous
Medium: Three Exactly Solvable Cases; Transp Porous Media,
96:483493; 2013
[6] M. J. Maghrebi , M. Nazari , T. Armaghani; Forced Convection
Heat Transfer of Nanofluids in a Porous Channel; Transp Porous
Media, 93:401413; 2012