Mahatma Gandhi Missions

College of Engineering and Technology

Noise Reduction in IC Engines
Guided by:
Mr. Ravindra Ram
Submitted By :
Satyam Rai
Introduction
Harmful Effect Of Noise
Various type of noise produce in IC engine
Method For Reducing Noise in IC Engine
Conclusion
Disadvantage


Content
Sound
Sound is a periodic disturbance in the molecule which
generated by vibrating objects.
Sound level is measured in decibel.
Noise
Noise is conveniently and concisely defined as unwanted
sound.

Introduction
Harmful Effect Of Noise

Noise pollution.
Loss of hearing ability.
May damage the heart.
Upsets the chemical balance of the body.
Increases the cholesterol level in the blood.
Dilates the blood vessels of the brain.

Various type of noise produce in IC engine
Aerodynamic Noise
Combustion Noise
Mechanical Noise
Exhaust System Noise
Intake System Noise
Cooling System Noise

Aerodynamic Noise
Aerodynamic noise includes exhaust gas and intake air noise
as well as noise generated by cooling fans, auxiliary fans or
any other air flow.

Combustion Noise
Combustion noise refers to noise generated by the vibrating
surfaces of the engine structure, engine components and
engine accessories after excitation by combustion forces.


Mechanical Noise
Mechanical noise refers to noise generated
by the vibrating surfaces of the engine
Components and engine accessories after
Excitation by reciprocating or rotate in engine
components.

Exhaust System Noise
Exhaust system noise includes the noise from exhaust gas leaves the
muffler and noise emitted from the vibrating surfaces of the exhaust
system components.
The reduction of exhaust system noise include proper selection of piping
lengths and diameters and proper positioning of the exhaust outlet.















Intake System Noise
Intake system noise includes noise generated by the flow of air
through the systems air inlet and noise emitted from the vibrating
surface components.


Cooling System Noise
Water cooled engines are typically cooled by using a radiator as a heat
exchanger with an axial flow fan is used to draw cooling air through
the radiator.


Method For Reducing Noise in IC Engine
Reflective muffler
Reflective mufflers are those mufflers that uses for
attenuation sound by changing cross sections in
the internal structure.
This mean that sound wave are produce are
cancel themselves out in the muffler.
In this reflection occur there is change in the
geometry or an area discontinuity.
The important tools are analytic modelling and
evaluation of network theory.
Reflective muffler
Reflective muffler in cut condition
This muffler consist of a series of resonating and expansion chamber are
design.
The down side of Reflective muffler large back pressure are created for
passenger car.
Reflective muffler use resonating chamber that target specific frequencies
to control noise.
Video of Reflective muffler
Absorptive Muffler

Absorptive mufflers are uses for sound
attenuation by sound absorbing materials.
They dissipate the acoustic energy into heat
energy through the use of porous materials as
mineral fiber.
The important tools are absorbing materials.
This muffler are consist of straight, circular
and perforated pipe.
In this large steel housing.
Between the perforated pipe the casing is
a layer of sound absorptive material that
absorbs some of pressure.
In the absorptive muffler create less back
pressure as compare to the reflective
muffler
Hybrid Mufflers

The muffler is a metal container with holes,
baffles, and chambers that muffles exhaust
noise.
The muffler and exhaust system help to
minimize engine noise, reduce pollutants
released into the atmosphere,
This type of muffler is the best muffler to
reduce the noise.
Mufflers that combine the working principle
of a reflective muffler and an absorptive
muffler .
Hybrid muffler
Procedure of joint of hybrid mufflers
and silencer
In this muffler joint gasket are
goes inside of the silencer side
pipe.
Then muffler side pipe are joint
muffler joint gasket and silencer
side pipe.

Video of Absorptive Muffler and Hybrid Mufflers


The single pass silencer design to give both low
and high frequency for exacting to atmosphere.
The gas enters the inlet of the silencer where flow
is disturbed because there are hundred of small jet
flow of gas into the silencer.
This is the first chamber single pass silencer.
The diffuser direct the flow towards the outlet
wall of the silencer body.
The same process repeat contracting and
expanding into the second chamber.
Single-pass Silencer
Holes in pipe
Resonating
Chamber
Inner Pipe
Exhaust Gas
Flow
Sound Waves
The second chamber repeat with noise same as the absorbing noise that left
over.
The second chamber is the important function as reflow area.
It allow an even flow of gas to the outlet.
This assure the quite release of gas to the atmosphere through the outlet.
Resonating Chamber
Exhaust Gas
Flow
Multi-Pass Silencer
In the multi-pass silencer first chamber. The gas enters the inlet of
the silencer.
Their is hundreds of small jet flows are provide
Repeats process into the second chamber.
The second chamber absorbing the noise that is left over.
After this the gases are passing in the third chamber
In this chamber the left over noise are easily reduce
After this quite gases are released


Active noise control

ANC is generally achieved through
the uses of analog circuit
In this noise cancellation speaker may
be located with the sound to be
attenuated.
The primary noise converts the sound
pressure to an electrical signal.
This signal is then sent to a controller
where a new signal is generated.
This signal activates a control source.
An error sensor detects the residual sound after control source.
The error microphone which adjusts or modifies the control signal to optimize the
cancellation process.
Between this process, the two wave form(180degree) generated and noise are reduce
Reactive Muffler


This is the single cylinder muffler.
In this three perforating pipe are apply.
This pipe contain hundred of hole
present when exhaust gas and sound
wave are enter.
Then sound wave are disturbed by
perforations.
When these gases and noise goes to the
second chamber through perforating
pipe the noise are reduced.

.
The interior of the perforating pipe is lined
with sound absorbing material
While the low frequency energy is
reflected or suppressed because of the
sudden expansion and contraction in
effective duct cross sectional area
Of the high frequency sound energy which
enters the chamber is absorbed due to
multiple reflections within

Dissipative Mufflers
1. Perforated, galvanized steel
2. Fibber glass
3. Steel casing
4. Low turbulence air passages.

Conclusion

Improving the engineering in many noisy objects has cut noise nearly
by 30 decibels
Reducing sound at the sources by an average of 10decibel cuts
soundness in half.
By this we can reduce noise in vehicle


Disadvantage
It is necessary to ensure that flow resistance does not increase
significantly.
Some times this silencer was failed because of some internal problem
occur
The muffler are changes time to time
Cost are increase

Thank you