Information Design

Which is the design of informations?

Jakub Jura
jakub.jura@fs.cvut.cz
Engeneering Psychology 2008
Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering,
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, CTU in Prague,
Technicka 4, 166 07 Prague 6



HMI Human-Machine Interaction, MMI Man Human-Machine Interaction, GUI -
Graphical user interface, Graphic design, Visual Style, Information Design, Vizualization
of Informations Flow, Firm Stzle, Visual Communication, Language of Visual
Information,
Information Design
Information design has been defined as the
art and science of preparing information so
that it can be used by human beings with
efficiency and effectiveness
(Jacobson Eds. 2000 p. 15).

data information knowledge wisdom
(Jacobson Eds. 2000 p. 271)
Ladislav Sutnar
(1897 1976)
Communications Schema
Decoding of
information

Coding of
information

S R
Communication Channel
Interpretation
Sign resource of
communicator
Sign resource of
communicant
Communicator communiqu Communicant
vysla sdlen pijma
sender message receiver
Sensation modalities:
Vision
Hearing
Touch
Olfaction
Gustation
Analog and Digital Communication
Analog Communication
Everything is expressed continuously by simile of
quantity.
There is not negation in Analog language.
Touch the intuition, imagination, metaphor, narration.
Digital Communication
Everything is expressed uncontinuously in the words.
Touch the reason, logic and dispassionate
argumentation.

Axioms of Communication
1. One Cannot Not Communicate.
2. Every communication has a content and
relationship aspect which is
metacommunication for the former.
3. The nature of a relationship is dependent on
the punctuation of the partners communication
procedures .
4. Human communication involves both digital
and analog modalities .
5. Inter-human communication procedures are
either symmetric or complementary
Paul Watzlawick, Pragmatics of Human Communication, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Watzlawick
Model of Operator
Reasoning
S
S

M
S

Controled System
output
action
Meanings of Colors
SAFETY
ADVANCED or ORDER
RISK OF DANGER or WARNING
DANGER or PROHIBITION
NEUTRAL INFORMATION or CANCEL
http://www.muzeum-umeni-benesov.cz/iid/mez-graf-
komunikace/cz/vymezeni_barev_a_tabulek_ke_specifikaci_obsahu_sdeleni.html
Feeling from the color X Meanings of the colors
http://www.muzeum-umeni-
benesov.cz/iid/mez-graf-
komunikace/cz/system_orientacni
ho_znaceni.html
User Interface
HMI - Human Machine Interface, Man Machine Interface, HCI Human Computer Interface
TUI - Text User Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
GUI - Graphical user interface
3DUI - Three-dimensional user interface

http://goanna.cs.rmit.
edu.au/~gl/research/
HCC/interact97.html
GUI - Graphical user interface

Where is used?
What is an Interaction Design?



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface
WIMP standard
W: Window(s)
I: Icon(s)
M: Menu(s); Mouse/Mice (rarely) (note that mice
are a subset of pointing devices)
P: Pointing device(s); Pointing; Pointer(s) (note that
the term "pointer" is often used as a synonym for mouse cursor); Pull-down
menu(s) (note that pull-down menus can be thought of as a subset of
menus)
WIMP interaction was developed at Xerox PARC
in 1973) and popularized by the Macintosh
computer in 1984.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP_(computing)
GOMS standard
An approach to human computer interaction observation developed
in 1983 by Stuart Card, Thomas P. Moran and Allen Newell
Goals - what the user intends to accomplish.
Operators - actions that are performed to get to the
goal.
Methods - sequences of operators that accomplish
a goal.
Selection rules - user would select a certain
method over the others.
Handlers & Pilot Lamps
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user
_interface
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design
http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMP
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOMS