Politics

Aristotle
All communities aim at certain good, which is the highest aim of the
community
Political community or the State, which, according to Aristotle is the
highest of all communities aim at the highest good (as it is the highest
community according to Aristotle)
In order to understand the nature and function of the State, Aristotle
starts with the simple form of human association, the family.
According to Aristotle there are certain association that are natural
in the sense that they cannot exist without each other, of these the
fundamental association is the male and the female for the
propagation of the species.
In this natural and most basic association, there is a ruler and a ruled
(naturally), based on the degree of rationality someone is a master
and someone is a slave.
Hence, both masters and slaves are natural based on their capacity to
use reason.
The relation between the husband and wife is like that of the relation
between the master and the slave, nonetheless, according to
Aristotle, the woman is different from the slave in the Greek society.
In the Barbarian society, on the other hand, there is no difference
between the male, female, and slaves, as there is no natural ruling
element amongst the barbarians.
The difference between the male and female amongst the Greeks has
given rise to the family or household.
The purpose of the family is economic, to supply things which human
beings need daily, like food, clothing, shelter, and also to nurture the
young.
When several families are united together a village is formed, which is
the first society, and which consists of children and grandchildren in
kinship network.
Each family is ruled by the eldest and there is blood relationship
amongst the people.
When several villages are united, then only a self-sufficient
community can be formed and a state is established (prior to that a
single family or a single village is not self-sufficient, according to
Aristotle)
The State fulfills human needs and is also needed for the sake of a
good life and hence also natural, as the state is needed for human
existence.
The State consisting of several villages is then the final cause of all
associations and is self-sufficient.
Since it fulfills mans natural need, hence the State is natural and man
is thus, according to Aristotle a political animal.
A human being who is without a state is either above or below
humanity
In addition, human beings have the power of speech and can
distinguish between good and evil, just and unjust, which all evolve in
the human community.
Logically the State as the whole is prior to its parts, the individual for
the individual is not self-sufficient without the state, just as the whole
is prior to its parts.
Someone who lives by himself is either a beast or Divine. Man has a
social instinct and when this social instinct is perfected is becomes
the best of all animals, according to Aristotle.
When man is separated from law and justice, he becomes the worst
and the most dangerous of all animals and the intelligence and virtue
with which he is equipped at birth can be used for worst ends.
An unvirtuous person is the worst and the most savage of animals
and full of gluttony.
The bond of men is justice and the order of the political system
The Household
The state is made up of households. Within the household there are
freemen and slaves.
In the household there are master and slaves, husband and wife,
father and children (marriage and procreative relations)
Each of these relations have a ruler and a ruled element.

Art of Wealth Getting
There is another element of the household, which is the art of wealth
gathering, which, according to some people, as Aristotle points out, is
the art of household management.
Property is part of the household and the art of acquisition of
property is part of the managing of the household.
The servant is a living instrument, while the slave is a possession of
the household like other properties
The material objects are instruments of production while the servant
is an instrument of action
The slave belongs to the master entirely and this is because he is by
nature incapable of having an independent existence.
The master has the ruling element by nature, which the slave does
not possess, just as the soul rules the body.
The equality of the ruler and the ruled is harmful for society, just as
the human being is above animals and can tame and use him for
human purpose.
Since the slave by nature has no rationality, it is for their good that
they should be under the rule of the master
The slave is good at manual labor, but has no rationality, so to get
guidance, they should be under the master.
Thus, it is proper and just that the slaves should be under the master