GRAMMAR BUILDING

SENTENCES IN ENGLISH
To make sentences, you are required to have some
ingredients or elements.
They are:
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Articles

preposition

conjunctions
NOUNS-people or things
people Things
Doctor Table
Lawyer Cat
Girl Eraser
boy plate
pronouns
I me Mine
you your Yours
He his Him
She her Hers
they Their Theirs
we our us
verbs
Verb to be verb Verb+ing
Is/ was Tell- told Was talking
Are/were Speak-spoke Is running
Am Play-played Are building
Have Think-thought Were using
has Learn-learnt Had gone
ADJECTIVES- to describe nouns
Big Handsome Tall
Small These Dark
Beautiful Those Fierce-looking
Green Kawasaki bike Striped
Old 100-year-old
book
Windy
pious frilly stormy
ADVERB to describe verbs
Slowly Beautifully Fast
Quickly Satisfactorily Noisily
Hard Softly
Gracefully Fiercely
Well Ferociously
badly sweetly
ARTICLES
A means one
A boy

An means one for the words that sounds like
a, e, i, o, u
e.g an apple ,an elephant ,an ice cream, an
orange, an umbrella
ARTICLE
The- if used for one, means a specific thing
or person
e. g: A boy is under the tree.
The boy is crying.
( talking about the same boy)

The can also be used for plural
The animals are tame.
Preposition
To show position/ time/place
On 10 December
On the table

In December
In Marang
In the room
Other prepositions
At for specific place
Of parts of something
Off
Between
Through
Toward
Before
After
Conjunction
Because
So
Therefore
And
Or
But

HOW CONSTRUCT SENTENCES?
A sentence contains a Subject and main
Verb.( and object)
S + V + O
OR
S + V + complement

Ali (subject) cries (verb)
The cow (subject) is grazing.(verb)
Some examples of complete
sentences
1. Most birds fly.
2. Children love cartoons.
3. Flowers are lovely.
4. Roses have thorns on their stems
5. Plants need sunlight to grow.
Examples of commands
1. Sit!
2. Speak slowly.
3. Cut the cake now.
4. Be quiet!
5. Do not cross this line.
Examples of questions
1. Do you like English?
2. Does she speak Spanish?
3. Are you sick?
4. Is she coming?
5. Have you done your work?
6. Has she gone?
Let us identify the parts of the
sentence
1. Children love cartoon.
subject verb object (what or
who)

2. The children laugh and jump about.
subject verb
3. The older inmates eat
Article adjective subject verb

their meals in
Object preposition

the dining hall slowly.
Object adverb.
How do you construct
sentences?
Practise this:


Subject Verb
I eat
She eats
They eat
He eats
We eat
Subject verb Object/noun
I eat chicken.
She eats rice
They eat bananas
He eats noodles
We eat soup.
subject verb adjective
Object/noun
I eat spicy chicken
She eats chicken rice
They eat fried bananas
He eats curry noodles
We eat mutton soup
subject
verb adjective object
Complement- where
I eat spicy chicken
in the restaurant
She eats chicken rice under the tree.
They eat fried bananas at the stall.
He eats curry noodles in the kitchen.
We eat mutton soup at Shahids
house.
subject
verb adjective object
Complement-when
I eat spicy chicken
today
She eats chicken rice on 28
th
June.
They eat fried bananas in the morning.
He eats curry noodles in the afternoon
We eat mutton soup during lunch
subject
verb adjective object
Complement-how
(adverb)
I eat spicy chicken
hungrily
She eats chicken rice quickly
They eat fried bananas greedily

He eats curry noodles slowly
We eat mutton soup carefully
Describe the picture
This is a male cat.
The cat likes to
eat fish.
The cat sleeps on
my bed.
It is very tame.
Describe the picture
This is an eagle.
It is a predator bird.
It eats small animals.
It has sharp beak.
Exercise 1
We spent a spectacular weekend at the
beach recently.
We arrived at lunch-time on Friday and
checked into our two-roomed chalet,
surrounded by colourful beds of daisies and
pertunias.
We walked bare-footed on the soft and
white sand, and collected a few
unique seashells.
We stopped to inspect some tiny crabs hiding
in the sand.
Soon, the calm sea began to swell
as big waves began rushing towards the
shore.
We went into the cool water and swam to our
hearts content.
Exercise 2- Identifying
adjectives
The Javari zone in Brazil covers huge areas
of jungle set aside by the government for
tribal Indians.
About 1350 Indians from a handful of jungle
tribes live in this evergreen rainforest.
They have little or no knowledge of the
outside world and often face each other in
violent warfare.
Our guide cups his hands and gives a
melodious shout, Eh-heh.
A faint Eh-heh echoes his call through the
thick trees.
Then at the top of a slope, we see about 20
naked, grim-faced Indians.
The women have painted their bodies red
and the men grip war club.
Exercise 3
1. Mani looked aghast when he came face to
face with his parents at the cinema.
2. He was afraid to speak up in case he was
punished.
3. At night, the town was aflame / ablaze with
bright glittering lights.
4. Her grandmother was so sick that she was
unable to even eat.
5. The whole town comes alive during the
festival season.
6. Cinderella sat alone at home, minding the
kitchen.
7. When the baby is awake, she bawls at the
top of her voice.
8. The tow cousins look alike in their identical
dressing.
9. When we reached home, we found the
door ajar.
10. A student who was smoking set the place
ablaze/ aflame.
Exercise 6
1. The children waited half an hour for the ice
cream man.
2. The bank officer helped us fill out the
various forms to open an account.
3. The contractor built a stone wall around
the compound.
4. The boy used a pencil sharpener to
sharpen all his pencils.
5. Tom and his friends like to buy candy floss
at the funfair.
6. The Greeks beat the Portuguese at the
final soccer match.
7. Malathis husband lifted the food cover to
see what dishes he was going to have for
dinner.
8. He made a desperate call from the nearest
telephone booth.
9. Mother bought the eggs from that chicken
farm.
10.Mr. Lim suffered a heart attack and had to
be hospitalised.
Exercise 7
2. bald- baldish head
3. blaze blazing fire
4. red reddish carpet
5. bubble bubbling stream
6. Switzerland Swiss chocolates
7. Portugal Portuguese team
8. match matching blouse