hygiene Theory PREPARED BY : NITESH KUMAR SAH What is Motivation ? Motivation refers to the individual forces that account for the intensity, direction, & persistence of a persons effort expended at work.
Intensity - the amount of effort a person puts forth. Direction - an individuals choice when presented with a number of passible alternatives. Persistence - the length of time a person sticks with a given action Content Theories Developed by Frederick Herzberg. Also known as Herzberg's motivation- hygiene theory and dual-factor theory Stated two different factor :- Hygiene Factors & Motivator Factors Both as the primary cause of job dissatisfaction and job satisfaction.
Two Factor Theory Of Motivation ? Frederick Herzberg extended Maslows need hierarchy theory of motivation. Since it was first proposed, it has had a dramatic effect on both theoretical and practical attitude towards management The study consisted of intensive analysis of critical incidence written by 230 American accountants & engineers in nine different companies in Pittsburg area, USA.
Contrasting Views of satisfaction & Dissatisfaction
TRADITIONAL VIEW
HERZBERGS VIEW Satisfied Dissatisfied Satisfaction No satisfaction No Satisfaction Dissatisfaction Motivators Hygiene factor HYGIENE & MOTIVATION FACTOR Motivation Factors
Promotion opportunity Opportunities for personal growth Recognition Responsibility Achievement Hygiene Factors
Quality of supervision Pay Company Policies Physical working condition Relations with others Job security Low High High Low Job Satisfaction Job Dissatisfaction Factor Leading to Dissatisfaction(Hygiene) Company Policy Supervision Relation with Boss Work Condition Salary Relationship with Peers Factor Leading to Satisfaction(Motivation) Achievement Recognition Work Itself Responsibility Advancement Growth
Ideal Situation where employees are highly motivated and have few complaints: Mediocre situation where employees have few complaints but are not highly motivated: Mediocre situation where employees are motivated but have a lot of complaints: Worst situation where employee are not motivated and have a lot of complaints: High hygiene Ideal Situation High Motivation Low Hygiene High Motivation Complaints Motivation High hygiene Low Motivation Low hygiene Low Motivation Worst Situation Complaints Motivation