BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY

MAIN CAMPUS
CITY OF BALANGA

GRADUATE SCHOOL
Presented by:
MAR-ELEN FE G. RENOSA
Ed.D. Student
Presented to:
LOURDES S. SANTOS, Ed. D.
Professor

EDD 512:
SEMINAR IN PHILIPPINE SOCIETY AND CULTURE

Topics:

Part 1- School as
Cultural Institution
Part 2- Functions of
Educational Institutions
UP OBLATION
What does
UP Oblation
symbolize?
UST
MAIN BUILDING
What does
this building
reveal about
UST?
Where did this event take place?
How significant is this to Philippine
history?
BATAAN
SURRENDER
SITE MARKER
SEAMEO RELC,
Singapore
What can students
learn from an
institution like
RELC aside from
what its courses
offer?
Part 1- School as Cultural Institution
Cultural Institution
All the
characteristic
activities and
interests of a
people.(T.S. Eliot)


Institution
Any structure
or mechanism of social order
and cooperation governing
the behavior of a set
of individuals within a given
community may it be
human or a specific animal
one. Institutions are identified
with a social purpose,
transcending individuals and
intentions by mediating the
rules that govern cooperative
living behavior
Cultural institution
a public or nonprofit institution within this state which
engages in the cultural, intellectual, scientific,
environmental, educational or artistic enrichment of the
people of this state
includes, without limitation, aquaria, botanical societies,
historical societies, land conservation organizations,
libraries, museums, performing arts associations or societies,
scientific societies, wildlife conservation organizations and
zoological societies.
Cultural institution" does not mean any school or
any institution primarily engaged in religious or sectarian
activities.
http://www.oregonlaws.org/glossary/definition/cultural_institution
Cultural institutions are elements
within a culture/sub-culture that
are perceived to be important to,
or traditionally valued among, its
members for their own identity.
Examples of cultural institutions in modern
Western society are museums, churches, schools,
work and the print media and television.
Education and Culture
Education encompasses teaching and
learning specific skills and also something less
tangible but more profound: the imparting
of knowledge good judgment and wisdom.
Durkheim sees education as the
socialization of the younger generation. It is
a continuous effort to impose on the child
ways of seeing, feeling and acting which he
could not have arrived at spontaneously.
Education and Culture continued
a growing whole
can be no break in the continuity of
culture
passed on through agents
(family, school and the like)
societies maintain themselves
through their culture
cultural transmission in all societies
set of beliefs, skills, art, literature,
philosophy, religion, music, etc.
which must be learned. This social
heritage must be transmitted
through social organizations.
curriculum
Extra-curricular
activities
Values
(team spirit, obedience,
discipline)

Informal
relationships
among teachers
and students
How does education transmit culture?
The question is: What kind of culture do we teach our students?

Formal curriculum
Hidden curriculum
Null curriculum
Education and Culture continued
Education acts an integrative force in the
society by communicating values that unites
different sections of society.
The school teach skills to the children which
help them later to integrate within the culture of
the society. Education in its formal or informal
pattern has been performing this role since time
immemorial. Education can be looked upon as
process from this point of view also. Education has
brought phenomenal changes in every aspect of
mans life.
http://www.sociologyguide.com/education/education-and-culture.php
Part 2- Functions of
Educational Institutions
act of teaching or
training
seeks to nourish the
good qualities in man
and draw out the best in
every individual.
Education seeks to
develop the innate inner
capacities of man.
Institution
an organization founded
and united for a specific
purpose
Educational Institution
Educational
Institution
- an institution dedicated to education
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/educational+institution
preschool
an
institution
for children
too young
for
elemen-
tary school
Elementary
an
instituti
on
where
children
receive
the first
stage of
academi
c
learning
Secondary
stage of
education
following
primary
education
college
an
institution
of higher
education
created to
educate
and grant
degrees;
often a
part of a
university
university
a large and
diverse
institution
of higher
learning
created to
educate for
life and for
a
profession
and to
grant
degrees
Functions of Educational Institutions
Based on Functionalism: The consensus approach
Functionalism investigates institutions to consider the
functions they perform in society. The functionalist premise is
that if an institution exists, then there must be
some reason for its existence.
As regards education, functionalists assume that
educational institutions serve
some societal need. Educational institutions are
examined for the positive contribution they make
towards maintaining society.
Functions of Educational Institutions
Education is seen as vital as regards socialization. All
societies have to have ways of socializing new members, and some
societies need specialist institutions for differentiating between
people and allocating them to specific levels of economic activity
within their society - such is the case with industrial societies.
Two central functions performed by educational institutions:
1. General socialization of
the whole population into
the dominant culture,
values and beliefs of a
society.

2. Selecting people for
different types and levels of
education.
These two basic intentions are suggested by Parsons.
In brief, education meets the needs of the system by:
1. Making sure that all
children have a basic
commitment to their
society's values and
beliefs.
Transmitting norms and
values promotes social
solidarity
2. Preparing individuals
for their specific
location within the
social hierarchy.
Differentiation matches
skills to societal needs and
supports society's economic
needs.
The idea of differentiation derives from
Durkheim. He argued that as societies develop and
become more complex they need to enhance
the division of labor and provide specialist agencies for
executing this function. Education takes over the role previously
filled by the family, work and any other social location that
presented a learning environment.
At the level of individuals, industrial societies require
specialists and education is seen as providing the appropriate
educational output. More generally, Durkheim explains this
change in the nature of relationships between individuals in a
society as the change from solidaristic to organic forms of social
solidarity (cohesion).

Differentiation
The existence of a connection between personal abilities and
industrial needs is assumed by the tendency towards
meritocracy. That is, people come to fill particular positions on the
basis of achievement, rather than their ascribed characteristics.
However, although it is true that achievement is more important in
societies such as ours, social class, gender and ethnicity remain as important
'indirect determinants' in the sense that the quality of a person's educational
attainment can be related to these ascribed characteristics.
The concept of meritocracy tends to lead
functionalists into the area of genetics rather
than culture. It is argued that some people are
quite simply 'brighter' than others, and the
education system picks these people out and
gives them a higher level of education. Schools are seen as neutral and
impartial screening devices.

Meritocracy
Educational systems and
four central functions of education

1. Differentiation
2. Standardization
3. Vocational orientation
4. Track mobility



Educational systems and four central functions of education

1. Differentiation increases variability
between students. As a consequence,
equality of opportunity is reduced. A higher
variability between students also enhances
the visibility of qualifications to the labour
market, thereby enhancing the allocation
function




Educational systems and four central functions of education

2. Standardization reduces variability
between schools of the same type and level.
This promotes equal opportunities. It may enhance
(by setting standards) or reduce (by limiting
competition between schools, Wmann 2007)
efficient learning. The visibility of qualifications to
employers is enhanced (Shavit & Mller 1998), and
standards are set to improve equality of citizenship
skills.





Educational systems and four central functions of education

3. Vocational orientation increases the
labor market focus of an educational system.
This may reduce (vocational education as a dead
end street) or enhance (vocational education as
a safety net, Arum & Shavit 1995) equality,
promote efficient learning, promote the
allocation function, and limit the orientation
towards the acquisition of citizenship skills.




Educational systems and four central functions of education


4. Track mobility improves the matching of
students to their educational attainment and
achievement. This increases equality, improves
efficient learning, and improves the allocation
function.




Educational systems and four central functions of education


4. Track mobility improves the matching of
students to their educational attainment and
achievement. This increases equality, improves
efficient learning, and improves the allocation
function.


http://www.hermanvandewerfhorst.socsci.uva.nl/PROOProgrammeDescription.pdf



Six Manifest Functions of Education
(Javier et al, 2002)




Socialization
social
control
social
placement
transmitting
culture
promoting
social
and political
integration
agent of
change
http://expertscolumn.com/content/six-manifest-functions-education

"Bear in mind that the wonderful things you learn in your
schools are the work of many generations, produced by
enthusiastic effort and infinite labor in every country of the
world. All this is put into your hands as your inheritance in
order that you may receive it, honor it, add to it, and one
day faithfully hand it to your children. Thus do we mortals
achieve immortality in the permanent things which we create
in common."
-Albert Einstein

Thank you very much.

- Mar-Elen Fe G. Reosa