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Culture getting deeper

Defnitions - culture
Culture is the way in which a group of people solves
problems and reconciles dilemma and fnd it worthwhile to
teach it to new members of the group (Edgar Schein:
organisational culture and leadership
Culture is the conte!t in which things happen" out of
conte!t# even legal matters lac$ signifcance (%rompenaar:
&iding the wawes of culture# p' ()# *)(*'
Culture is a shared system of meanings (%rompenaar: &iding the
wawes of culture# p' (+# *)(*'
Culture is the flter through which we defne,interpret,act in
reality (Elisabeth -lum# Cultural .ntelligence *))/
Culture as an onion
&iding the wawes of culture# understanding diversity in business: 0ons %rompenaar and Charles 1ampden-%urner# *)(*# p'*2-*/'
Page 4
Norms and values
3ess visible# but can be tal$ed about'
(the values that underlie behavior
and determine behavior
Basic assumptions.
4sually not visible at all' 5ften
out of conscious awareness and
rarely (if ever 6uestioned in
everyday life'
Artifacts
7hat8s visible# observable and
tangible' (criteria for success# the
degree of formality# the dress code#
brands,products# buildings#
behaviour# etc'
Culture is perceived but 1idden
9alues

.mportant and lasting beliefs or


ideals shared by the members of a
culture about what is good and
desirable and undesiable
http:,,www'businessdictionary'com,defnition,values'html:i!;;<=)%p.e<f
%he + dimensions (norms
http:,,references>u'blogspot'com,*)(*,)+,trompenaars-and-hamden-turner-cultural'html
&elation to time
&elation to nature
&elationsships
=nd rules
-ast-present-future
Delivery on-time?
%me hori;on
1igh,low conte!t
@ert 1ofstedes Cutural
dimensions
http:,,geert-hofstede'com,denmar$'html
7ea$ control
of desires and impulses
9s' normative
Comparative loo$ at cultural
dimensions
Hofstede Tromepaar and Hampden
Turner 2012
-ower distance =chievement vs'
ascription
4ncertainty avoidance 4niversalism vs'
-articularism
.ndividualism vs' Collectivism .ndivdualism vs'
Communitarism
Aasculinity vs'
femininity
-ragmatism vs'
normative
.ndulgence vs' restraint
1uman-time relationsship
1uman-nature relationship
Beutral vs' emotional
Specifc vs' diCuse
Dasic assumptions (ta$en for
granted

&eligion

0orm of government

Etnicity

@ender

1istory

=ge
Challenges

7hen collaborating across cultures


0rom diCerences and compliance to e!ploitation of
diCerences and proces
&econciliating dilemmas
&ecogni;e the other
&espect the other
&econciliate the dilemma <' room
&eali;e lin$ing to the goal,purpose,bottom lineE

7hen mar$eting and selling product across cultures:


Ffocus on the values and as$ youselfF:
7hat is dear to us and the products we would li$e to sell? (our values
7hat is dear to the customers? (their values
1ow should it be communicated? (artefacts
Communication
Intenti
on
Efec
t
Intenti
on
Efect
-erson = -erson D
Aeaning?
Aeaning?
Cultural .ntelligence model
Intercultural
engagement
Intercultural
communication
Cultural
understanding
Deing interested
Aotivation
3earning attitude
Emotionel maturity
Culturel self-
understanding
@enerel and specifc
$nowledge about
culture
Sense of situation
Aental Ge!ibility
%urn of the cultural
autopilot
4se manual steering
Spea$ at meta-level
Aethods of
communication Elisabeth -lum: Cultural .ntelligence *))/
@roups e!periences of similarities and
diCerences
HSuperfcial
relations
H-arallel wor$
HDoredom
H5n guard
HCultural
choc$ HSilence
HConGict
HSecurity
HECortless
HConGuent
H=voidance
HDynamic,vibr
ant H%ensions
H%olerance
HSynergy
D
A B
C
Kilde: Lotte Dars: Innovation in the Making, 2001
Bo similartities
perceived
Similarities
perceived
Bo diCerences
perceived
DiCerences
perceived
3eading a cuturally diverse
group
evel !roces "iferences ma#es t$e
proces
Intervention
0orming the group Duild trust and
coherence
Aore diIcult 4se similarities
4nderstand diCerences
-roblem description and
analysis
Create ideas
E!plore posibilities
Easier 4se diCerences
Decision ma$ing and
implementation
Consensus
Deciding
=cting
Aore diIcult Emphasi;e and create
similarities
(Nancy Adler: International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, 199!

.t is our belief that you can never


understand other cultures (%rompenaar: &iding the
wawes of culture# p' (# *)(*'

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