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Defnitions - culture
Culture is the way in which a group of people solves
problems and reconciles dilemma and fnd it worthwhile to
teach it to new members of the group (Edgar Schein:
organisational culture and leadership
Culture is the conte!t in which things happen" out of
conte!t# even legal matters lac$ signifcance (%rompenaar:
&iding the wawes of culture# p' ()# *)(*'
Culture is a shared system of meanings (%rompenaar: &iding the
wawes of culture# p' (+# *)(*'
Culture is the flter through which we defne,interpret,act in
reality (Elisabeth -lum# Cultural .ntelligence *))/
Culture as an onion
&iding the wawes of culture# understanding diversity in business: 0ons %rompenaar and Charles 1ampden-%urner# *)(*# p'*2-*/'
Page 4
Norms and values
3ess visible# but can be tal$ed about'
(the values that underlie behavior
and determine behavior
Basic assumptions.
4sually not visible at all' 5ften
out of conscious awareness and
rarely (if ever 6uestioned in
everyday life'
Artifacts
7hat8s visible# observable and
tangible' (criteria for success# the
degree of formality# the dress code#
brands,products# buildings#
behaviour# etc'
Culture is perceived but 1idden
9alues
&eligion
0orm of government
Etnicity
@ender
1istory
=ge
Challenges