INTRODUCTION TO

WORLD ART AND

DESIGN
Abhinav
NIFT GNR
EGYPT
Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of
Egypt ,is a transcantinental country
spanning the northeast corner of Africa and
south west corner of Asia via land bridge
formed by the Sinai peninsula. Most of its
territory of 1,010,000 square kilometres
(390,000 sq mi) lies within North Africa and
is bordered by the Mediterranean sea to
the north, the Gaza strip and Israel to the
northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east,
the Red Sea to the east and south,
Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous
countries in Africa and the Middle
East, and the 15th most populated
in the world. The great majority of
its over 84 million people live near
the banks of the Nile River, an
area of about 40,000 square
kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where
the only arable land is found. The
large regions of the
Sahara Desert, which constitute
most of Egypt's territory, are
sparsely inhabited. About half of
Egypt's residents live in urban
areas, with most spread across
the densely populated centres of
greater Cairo, Alexandria and
other major cities in the Nile Delta.
GREECE
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic and
known since ancient times as Hellas, is a
country in Southeast Europe.

According to the
2011 census, Greece's population is around 11
million. Athens is the nation's capital and
largest city, with its urban area
including Piraeus. Greece is strategically
located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia,
the Middle East, and Africa, and shares land
borders with Albania to the northwest,
the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the
north and Turkey to the northeast.
The country consists of eleven
geographical
regions: Macedonia, Central
Greece, Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus,
Thrace, Ionian islands, North Aegean
islands, Dodecanese islands,Cyclades
islands and Crete, with the Aegean
Sea lying to the east of the mainland,
the Ionian Sea to the west, and
the Mediterranean Sea to the south.
Greece has the 11th longest coastline in
the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in
length, featuring a vast number
of islands (approximately 1,400, of which
227 are inhabited), including Crete,
the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and
the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty
percent of Greece consists of mountains,
of which Mount Olympus is the highest,
at 2,917 m (9,570 ft).

Vs


Culture of Egypt Culture of Greece
The culture of Egypt has
thousands of years of recorded
history. Ancient Egypt was
among the earliest civilizations.
For millennia, Egypt maintained
a strikingly complex and stable
culture that influenced later
cultures of Europe, the Middle
East and Africa. After the
Pharaonic era, Egypt itself came
under the influence of
Hellenism, for a time
Christianity ,and
later, Islamic culture.

The culture of Greece has
evolved over thousands of years,
beginning in Mycenaean Greece,
continuing most notably
into Classical Greece, through
the influence of the Roman
Empire and its successor
the Byzantine Empire. Other
cultures and states such as Latin
and Frankish states, the Venetian
Republic, Genoese Republic,
and British Empire have also left
their influence on modern Greek
culture
Comparison on the
basis of
Architecture
What were the differences
between the ancient Egyptian
architecture and the ancient
Greek architecture?

Greeks
--softer stones like limestone easier to carver
--most buildings above ground
--columns often done in sections and stacked
--sculpture is individual and specifically human in honouring the
nude and semi nude form
--stones are large but nothing on the scale of Egyptian structures
--sites often chosen for height, closeness to a view, position of
power
--vaulted ceilings like beehive tombs
--statues are of gods and heroes and philosophers--people of
political thought. Not so much kings or leaders
--lots of use of post and lintel construction, using columns as posts



Egyptians


--worked basalt and granite--some of the hardest stone there
--lots of tunnelling and below ground structures with tubes and
holes that defy explanation.
--larger stone monoliths than the Greeks like obelisks and solid
stone statues
--carving into the face of a mountain to create a building, like the
temple of Abu Simbel
--largest structures in the world to include the pyramids
--buildings more likely to revolve around astronomy and
constellations
---large burial tombs for royalty and also extensive caves carved like
the Valley of the Kings
--extensive carving of hieroglyphics on the sides of buildings and
columns.
--sculptures include gods with symbolic animal heads and
standardized representations of pharaohs and others.

Egyptian Architecture
Ancient Egyptian architecture is the
architecture of ancient Egypt, one of the
most influential civilizations throughout
history, which developed a vast array of
diverse structures and great
architectural monuments along the Nile,
among the largest and most famous of
which are the Great Pyramid of
Giza and the Great sphinx of Giza.
Greek Architecture
The architecture of Ancient Greece is
the architecture produced by the Greek-
speaking people (Hellenic people)
whose culture flourished on the Greek
mainland and Peloponnesus, the Aegan
Islands, and in colonies in Asia
Minor and Italy for a period from about
900 BC until the 1st century AD, with the
earliest remaining architectural works
dating from around 600 BC.
Ancient Egyptian
architecture
Ancient Greek
architecture
Difference in Egyptian & Greek
pillars
Egyptian pillars
Greek pillars


Egyptians
Greeks
Egyptians are the
inhabitants and citizens of
Egypt sharing a common
culture and a dialect
of Arabic. Egyptian identity is
closely tied to geography.
The population of Egypt is
concentrated in the
lower Nile valley, the small
strip of cultivable land
stretching from the First
Cataract to the
Mediterranean and enclosed
by desert both to
the east and to the west.
The Greeks, also known as
the Hellenes, are an ethnic
group native to Greece,
Cyprus, Anatolia and other
regions. They also form a
significant diaspora, with
Greek communities
established around the world.
Greek colonies and
communities have been
historically established in
most corners of
the Mediterranean, but
Greeks have always been
centered around the Aegean
Sea.
Egyptian culture boasts five
millennia of recorded history.
Ancient Egypt was among the
earliest and greatest
civilizations during which the
Egyptians maintained a
strikingly complex and stable
culture that influenced later
cultures of Europe, the Near
East and Africa. After the
Pharaonic era, the Egyptians
themselves came under the
influence
of Christianity and Islamic
culture.
Greek culture has evolved over
thousands of years, with its
beginning in the Mycenaean
civilization, continuing through
the Classical period, the Roman
and Eastern Roman periods
and was profoundly affected by
Christianity, which it in turn
influenced and shaped ottoman
Greeks had to endure through
several centuries of adversity
that culminated in genocide in
the 20th century but
nevertheless included cultural
exchanges and enriched both
cultures
Comparison on
the basis of Art

Egyptian art

Greek art
The Egyptians were one of
the first major civilizations
to codify design elements
in art. The wall
painting done in the service
of the pharaohs followed a
rigid code of visual rules
and meanings. Early
Egyptian art is
characterized by absence
of linear perspective, which
results in a seemingly flat
space.
Greek art began in the
Cycladic and Minoan
civilization. Minoan
prehistorical civilizations,
and gave birth to Western
classical art in the
subsequent Geometric, Arc
haic and Classical periods.
Greek art is mainly five
forms: architecture,
sculpture, painting, pottery
and jewelry making.

Sample of a Book of the Dead of
the scribe Nebqed, c. 1300bc.aa
Interior of a red figure kylix, depicting heraklex and athena, by
Phoinix (potter) and douris (painter), circa 480-470 BC,
Egypt is a recognized cultural
trend-setter of the Arabic-
speaking world, and
contemporary Arab culture is
heavily influenced by
Egyptian literature, music, film
and television. Egypt gained a
regional leadership role
during the 1950s and 1960s,
giving a further enduring
boost to the standing of
Egyptian culture in the Arab
world
The culture of Greece has
evolved over thousands of
years - dating from the
Paleolithic era and the birth of
the great Minoan, (2600-1500
BC), Mycenaean (1500-1150
BC) and Cycladic civilizations
through the Classical Period
(6th - 4th centuries BC) - the
Golden Age, reaching great
levels of prosperity that
resulted in an unprecedented
cultural boom, expressed in
architecture, drama, science
and philosophy, and nurtured
in Athens under a democratic
environment.
Religion

Egyptian religion
Egypt is a
predominantly Sunni Muslim
country with Islam as its
state religion. The
percentage of adherents of
various religions is a
controversial topic in Egypt.
An estimated 90% are
identified as Muslim, 9%
as Coptic Christians, and
1% as other Christian
denominations.
Greek religion
Among religions in
Greece, the largest
denomination is
the Greek Orthodox
Church and Christianity,
which represents the
majority of the
population and which is
constitutionally
recognised as the
"prevailing religion"
of Greece .
Similarities between Greek and
Egyptian temples?


A similarity between Greek and Egyptian temples is
that they were kind of meant for religious
processions. The temples at Karnak and Luxor were
used for that purpose, as was the Parthenon
dedicated to the goddess Athena. There was a
yearly pilgrimage to the Acropolis, which of course
has more buildings than just the Parthenon.

Both cultures used colour in their temples. What
remains of the Greek temples now a days looks stark
and bleached clean, but originally they were painted
(at least parts of them like the statuary and
pediments and entablature). It's just that the Grecian
climate has washed all that paint away now.
Difference between Ancient Egyptian
and Ancient Greek religion?


After Alexander the Great took over Egypt the two
religions started to mangle with each other. Temples
of Egyptian gods were build in Greece and of Greek
gods in Egypt. During that era (called the Hellenistic
period) new gods were created. For example Serapis
a healer god, had his great temple the Sarapion build
in Alexandria. There Greeks, whose religion was
more anthropocentric, influenced the Egyptians into
seeing their gods as more loving and less
demanding. During that period we also have a
mixture in art. For example we see statues of gods
with Egyptian-like bodies and clothes but Greek-style
faces. For example figures of Isis-Aphrodite or Amon
Rah Alexander the Great.
Economy
Contrast on Greek and Egyptian
Economy?

The economy of Egypt was highly centralized under
President Gamal Abdel Nasser. In the 1990s, a series
of International Monetary Fund arrangements, coupled with
massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's
participation in the Gulf War coalition, helped Egypt
improve its macroeconomic performance.
The economy of Greece is the 42nd or 45th largest in the
world at $249 billion or $278 billion by nominal gross
domestic product or purchasing power parity respectively,
according to World Bank statistics for the year 2012.
Tourism

Tourism is one of the most
important sectors in
Egypt's economy. More
than 12.8 million tourists
visited Egypt in 2008,
providing revenues of
nearly $11 billion. The
tourism sector employs
about 12% of Egypt's
workforce. Tourism
Minister Hisham Zaazou
told industry professionals
and reporters that tourism
generated some $9.4
billion in 2012, a slight
increase over the $9 billion
seen in 2011.
An important percentage
of Greece's national
income comes from
tourism. Tourism funds
16% of the gross domestic
products which also
includes the Tourism
Council and the London-
Based World
Travel. According to
Eurostat statistics, Greece
welcomed over 19.5
million tourists in
2009, which is an increase
from the 17.7 million
tourists it welcomed in
2007.

HISTORY
History of Egypt
The history of Egypt has been long and rich, due to
the flow of the Nile river, with its fertile
banks and delta. Its rich history also comes from its
native inhabitants and outside influence. Much of
Egypt's ancient history was a mystery until the
secrets of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs were
deciphered with the discovery and help of
the Rosetta Stone. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the
only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient
World still standing. The Lighthouse of Alexandria,
one of the other Seven Wonders, is gone.
The Library of Alexandria was the only one of its kind
for centuries.
History of Greece
The history of Greece encompasses the
history of the territory of the modern
state of Greece, as well as that of
the Greek people and the areas they
ruled historically. The scope of Greek
habitation and rule has varied much
through the ages, and, as a result, the
history of Greece is similarly elastic in
what it includes. Each era has its own
related sphere of interest.
Prehistoric Egypt

There is evidence of rock
carvings along the Nile terraces
and in desert oases. In the 10th
millennium BC, a culture
of hunter-
gatherers and fishers was
replaced by a grain-grinding
culture. Climate changes and/or
overgrazing around 8000 BC
began to desiccate the pastoral
lands of Egypt, forming
theSahara. Early tribal peoples
migrated to the Nile River where
they developed a settled
agricultural economy and more
centralized society
Prehistoric Greece

The land that would come to be
known as Greece had been
populated by humans for over
40,000 years. Hunter-gatherers
moved through the rocky terrain,
living off what they could forage
and hunt. With the emergence of
agriculture, imported to Greece
around 7000 BC from
Mesopotamia and Egypt, the first
signs of permanently settled
people emerge in the
archaeological record.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece was an ancient civilization belonging
to a period of Greek history that lasted from the
archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to the
end of antiquity (ca. 600 AD). In common usage it
refers to all Greek history before the Roman Empire,
but historians use the term more precisely. Some
writers include the periods of the Minoan and
Mycenaean civilizations, while others argue that
these civilizations were so different from later Greek
cultures that they should be classed separately.
Traditionally, the Ancient Greek period was taken to
begin with the date of the first olympic games in 776
BC, but most historians now extend the term back to
about 1000 BC.
Ancient Egypt

A unified kingdom was founded c. 3150 BC by
King Menes leading to a series of dynasty that
ruled Egypt for the next three
millennia. Egyptian Culture flourished during
this long period and remained distinctively
Egyptian in its religion, art, language and
customs. The first two ruling dynasties of a
unified Egypt set the stage for the Old
kingdom period, c. 27002200 BC., which
constructed many pyramids, most notably the
third dynasty pyramid of Dioser and the Fourth
Dynasty Giza Pyramids..
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