THE LANGUAGE OF

COMMUNICATION

CONTENT
Principles of business communication

Punctuation
Spelling and Vocabulary
Bones of contention
Passive Construction
Principle of Business Communication
1. Choose understandable words
2. Use concrete words
3. Choose strong words
4. Emphasize positive words
5. Avoid overused words
6. Avoid absolute words
7. Compose clear sentences
8. Use short sentences
9. Prefer active voice in sentences.
10. Give sentences appropriate emphasis
11. Use short paragraphs
12. Give paragraphs unity
13. Organize paragraphs logically
14. Give paragraphs appropriate emphasis
15. Provide paragraphs coherence

Punctuation
Full stop (.), question mark (?) & exclamation mark (!).
Commas (,)
When three or more items are listed
Semi colons (;)
To represent a pause longer than a comma and shorten
than a full stop
Colons (:)
To separate the speaker from a quotation
To introduce a list with expression like following, namely ,
that is
Dashes and hyphens (-)
To show an extension of thought in a sentence
As an alternative to brackets
Apostrophes ()
To show ownership



THE PASSIVE VOICE
What is Passive Verb?
Normal verb are Active verb : they
say what the subject is doing .
Eg : Jasmine unplugged the
microwave.
Passive verb : subject does not
doing anything, instead something
happens to it
Eg : The microwave was unplugged
by Jasmine
Use of the Passive Voice
When the doer of the action is
unknown or unimportant
Mention in technical or scientific
writing, legal documents where the
researcher is the agent.
When describing processes or
procedures.
Forming the Passive Verb
Active :Asians eat rice every day

1 2 3
Passive : Rice is eaten by Asians
every day
3 steps change Active to
Passive
STEP 1 :Make the OBJ ECT of Active
voice to SUBJ ECT of the
Passive voice.
STEP 2 : Change the Active Verb into
matching Passive Verb.
STEP 3 : Use the by.to mention the
doer (subject) of the action.
Verb form
TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE
Simple
Present
S + V + O S + Be + P.P
Simple Past S + V (-ed) + O S + Be + P.P
Present
Continuous
S + Be + V + ing S + Be + Being + P.P
Past
Continuous
S + Be + V + ing S + Be + Being + P.P
Present
Perfect
S + Have/ Has + P.P S + Have/Has + Been
+ P.P
Past Perfect S + Had + P.P S + Had + Been + P.P
Simple
Future
S + will + B. V S + Will + Be + P.P
Passive form with Modals
Modal Auxiliary
Form
S + (Should/may )
+ B.V
S + (Should/May) + Be +
P.P
(Be) + Going To
Form
S + Be + going to +
B.V
S + Be + Going To + B.E +
P.P
Ought To Form S + Ought to + B.V S + Ought To + B.E + P.P
Thank You