PNEUROBOTIC ARM

PROJECT BY: -

INTRODUCTION
In manufacturing industry and nuclear industry, a large fraction of the work is
Repetitive and judicious application of automation will most certainly result in
Optimum utilization of machine and manpower. A `PNEUROBOTIC' Robot has
been developed to achieve automation in applications where great sophistication
is not needed and simple tasks like picking up of small parts at one location and
placing them at another location can be done with great ease.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROBOTS
According to types of application:

1. Industrial Robots: Robots today are being utilized in a wide variety of industrial
applications. Any job that involves repetitiveness, accuracy, endurance, speed, and
reliability can be done much better by robots, which is why many industrial jobs that
used to be done by humans are increasingly being done by robots.
2. Mobile Robots: Also known as Automated Guided Vehicles, or AGVs. An advanced form
of the AGV is the SGV, or the Self Guided Vehicle.These robots have the ability of
performing tasks that are non-sequential and non-repetitive in environments that are
complex, hence are defined as intelligent robots.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROBOTS
3. Telerobots: These robots are used in places that are
hazardous to humans, or are inaccessible or far away. A
human operator located at a distance from a telerobot
controls its action.
4. Service Robots: Essentially, this category comprises of
any robot that is used outside an industrial facility, although
they can be sub-divided into two main types of robots: one,
robots used for professional jobs, and the second, robots
used for personal use. Amongst the former type are the
above mentioned robots used for military use, then there are
robots that are used for underwater jobs, or robots used for
cleaning hazardous waste, and the like.


PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS
Compressors

A compressor is a machine that compresses air or
another type of gas from a low inlet pressure
(usually atmospheric) to a higher desired pressure
level. This is accomplished by reducing the volume
of the gas. Air compressors are generally positive
displacement units and are either of the
reciprocating piston type or the rotary.



COMPRESSOR


PISTON
COMPRESSOR


VANE COMPRESSOR


SCREW
COMPRESSSOR


LOBE COMPRESSOR
Types of compressor
PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS
Air Filters

The air needs to be filtered to be free of moisture
and contamination. Air filter is used to do this job.
The filter elements remove the particles and
moisture as small as 5 microns.
PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS
Air pressure regulator

The pressure regulator is used to adjust the
desired pressure for the pneumatic system. This use
a piston to sense downstream pressure fluctuations.
The piston, in turn, works against a set spring
pressure. As the pressure downstream drops it is
sensed by the diaphragm and the popper valve
opens. This adjusts the position of the poppet valve,
which limits the downstream pressure to the pre-set
valve.
PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS
Pneumatic Cylinders
The cylinder converts the energy of the
compressed air into linear motion which extends or
retracts the piston rod.
PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS
Common Types of Cylinders
There are many different cylinder types. The most common are listed below:

Single acting cylinder - a cylinder in which air pressure is applied to the movable element (piston) in
only one direction.

Spring return cylinder - a cylinder in which a spring returns the piston assembly.

Ram cylinder - a cylinder in which the movable element is the piston rod.

Double acting cylinder - a cylinder in which air pressure may be alternately applied to the piston to drive
it in either direction.

Double acting double rod cylinder - Double acting cylinder with a
piston rod extending form each end. The piston rods are connected to
the same piston. Double rod cylinders provide equal force and speed in both directions.

PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS
Pneumatic Valves
Pneumatic valves are classified as following: -

PNEUMATIC
VALVES

TO CONTROL
DIRECTION

TO CONTROL
PRESSURE

TO CONTROL
FLOW

CHECK VALVES

SHUTTLE VALVES

N-WAY SLIDING
SPOOL VALVES

PRESSURE
REGULATOR

FLOW CONTROL
VALVE
PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT
ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES OF PNEUROBOTIC ARM:

It is totally controlled by manually
Cost is less
Fatigue ness of workers is decreased; there is reduction in absenteeism
and help to keep workers satisfied.
Because of proper material handling, defects which are produced due
to it are reduced.
Robots can work 24 hours a day, seven days a week without stopping
or tiring.
It can operate in fairly large area.

ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES OF PNEUROBOTIC ARM:

It can rotate through 270 degrees
It is used where the workers are not available with trainee or experience in skilled factory.
It is used to remove the job or work piece from hot furnaces.
It can be an alternative to human hand where human life is in danger such as nuclear
power plants, for handling toxic substance, etc.
Time required for the same work is reduced to half with proper use o pnuerobotic arm.
It can be fully atomized to increase accuracy, time efficiency, etc.
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTIC ARM:

It does not maintain perfect accuracy when not fully atomized due to human handling
errors.
There are changes of air leakage due to pneumatic components used.
Load carrying capacity is less when compared to hydraulic arms.
Working area is less as it cannot move on the ground but it can be overruled by
attaching the pnuerobotic arm on a moving vehicle.


APPLICATIONS
PART HANDLING / TRANSFER:
The simple task of moving a part or object from one location to another within
the work area is one of the most common applications for robots today. Other parts
handling application involve the acquiring of blank or unfinished parts and filling them
into some type of machine tools for finishing (e.g. a punch press). The application is
often a danger one of a human beings and so is ideally suited for a robot.
WELDING:
Welding is one of the major uses for an industrial robot. A major advantage of
robotic welder is that the arc time (a critical parameter in determining the welds
strength) can be carefully controlled.
SPRAY PAINTING:
The spray painting operation is one that human being should be not performed,
both because of the potential fire hazards and the fast that a fine most of paint (both lead
and modern plastic based) it carcinogenic. As such, this task is a natural application for
the robot and so it is not surprising that there are a large number of manipulators that
perform only its particular job. Another advantage in using abort for spray painting is
that resultant coating will be for more uniform than a human being could ever produced.