A Successful Electrical Power and Lighting Project Depends On Effective Planning in The Form of

Electrical Installation Designs
THE ELECTRICAL CONTRACTING

INDUSTRY
A successful electrical power and lighting project
depends on effective planning in the form of:
Drawings
Schedules
Contract specifications
INDUSTRY
This contract documentation provides a concise
picture of the objectives for the electrical project
work to be done.
It also serves as a record of intent for owners and
as instructions and guidance for contractors,
electricians, installers, and others performing the
work.
INDUSTRY
Contract documents, which might also include
surveys and test data, are legal documents, and
they can be used as evidence in court cases
involving contractor malfeasance, or failure to
comply with the intent of the drawings and
specifications.
INDUSTRY
The present conformity to accepted formats for
drawings and specifications is the result of years
of practical experience reinforced by accepted
national and international standards issued by
government agencies and private standards
organizations.
INDUSTRY
The standards organizations are advised by
experienced personnel from the ranks of
manufacturers, contractors, and other
interested parties. The intent of standards is to
produce unambiguous documentation that is
understandable by all project participants, from
engineers and architects to contractors, project
supervisors, electricians, and installers.
INDUSTRY
Contract and tender
The majority of electricians are employed by a
consultant firm or government and therefore
are not likely to become involved with the
administrative side of the business. However, it
is important that the electrician is aware of the
procedures involved in obtaining the work he or
she is to carry out.
Usually, the first step in obtaining a contract to
carry out an installation is to tender a price for
the work.
INDUSTRY
Tender
A tender is, by dictionary definition, an offer to
supply goods and/or services at a fixed rate. In
many cases this is a simple procedure but on
larger jobs the tender can be become
complicated, and considerable experience is
necessary to complete such a tender correctly.
INDUSTRY
Contracts
The law relating to contracts is extremely
complicated and involved, and hence only the
most basic concepts will be considered.

In simple terms, for any job there is a main
contractor, which can be an electrical
installation firm, building firm or decorating
firm, etc., depending on the work to be done.
This main contractor is responsible to the client
(that is, the person ordering the work to be
done), either directly or via an agent such as
an architect.
INDUSTRY
Should the main contractor employ the services
of another firm, this firm is called the
subcontractor and is responsible to the main
contractor
INDUSTRY
Electrical Drawing Objectives
Drawing for an electrical project serves three
distinct functions:
1. Describes the electrical project in sufficient
detail to allow electrical contractors to use
the drawings in estimating the cost of
materials, labor, and services when preparing
a contract bid.
INDUSTRY
2. Instructs and guides electricians in
performing the required wiring and
equipment installation while also warning
them of potential hazards such as existing
wiring, gas pipes, or plumbing systems.

3. Provides the owner with an as-built record
of the installed electrical wiring and
equipment for the purposes of maintenance
or planning future expansion. The owner
then becomes responsible for recording all
wiring and equipment changes.
INDUSTRY
Electrical Specifications
Electrical specifications for buildings or projects
are written legal descriptions of the work to be
performed by the electrical contractor,
subcontractors, and electric power utilities and
the responsibilities and duties of the
architect/engineer, general contractor, and
owner. Electrical specifications and electrical
drawings are integral parts of the contract
requirements for the performance of electrical
work.
INDUSTRY
Because specifications are a significant part of
a legally binding contract, typically involving
expenditures of thousands or even millions of
Malaysia Ringgit (RM), it is important that they
be mutually compatible with the drawings and
as free as possible of errors or discrepancies.
INDUSTRY
It has long been known that even minor errors
in wording or intent or the presentation of
incorrect data or measurements can result in
expensive repairs or replacements of hardware,
lost time in the completion of the schedule, and
serious project cost overruns due to delays and
the need for additional labor and supervision
INDUSTRY
In most engineering and architectural firms,
regardless of size, specifications writers are
skilled persons with technical backgrounds who
report to a responsible project supervisor. The
preparation of an error-free specification is a
time-consuming task calling for the writers
patience and the ability to deal effectively with
complex technical details.
PPKSE
INDUSTRY
The process might call for many drafts and
revisions following the review, comments, and
corrections made by persons within the
architect/engineering organization with
specialized knowledge and experience in each
of the trades involved in the project. As with
drawings, all responsible reviewers are
expected to sign the final version that is
released for bid.
PPKSE
INDUSTRY
Nevertheless, this does not relieve
specifications writers of their responsibilities,
because they are expected to have sufficient
knowledge of the project to make them
capable of finding and resolving any
discrepancies between the specifications and
the drawings.
PPKSE
INDUSTRY
Discrepancies are most likely to occur when:
A generic master or prototype specification is
used without making all of the modifications
necessary to reflect what is actually shown on
the working drawings.
Revisions that should have been made in a
previously prepared drawing are indicated only
by a note in the revision block, leaving the
drawing unchanged.
Revisions in items that are listed both in
schedules on the drawings and in the written
specifications are made on only one of these
documents.
PPKSE
INDUSTRY
A Typical Format For A Specification
1. Introduction
2. Scope of supply
3. Service and environmental conditions
4. Compliant international standard
5. Definition of technical and non technical terms
6. Performance (or functional) requirements
7. Design and construction details
8. Inspection and testing
PPKSE
INDUSTRY
9. Spare parts
10.Documentation
11.Packing and transportation
12.Appendices if necessary
INDUSTRY
Bill of Quantities (BOQ)
A document used in tendering in the
contracting industry in which materials, parts
and labor (and their costs) are itemized. It
also (ideally) details the terms and conditions
of construction, supply and installation or
repair contract and itemizes all work to enable
a contractor to price the work for which he or
she is bidding
INDUSTRY
Four main items in Bill of Quantity (BOQ):
Preliminaries
Electrical Installation: Wiring, Supply & Install
Miscellaneous
Testing & Commissioning

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Electrical Installation Designs

THE ELECTRICAL CONTRACTING

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