Chapter 2 : Blood Circulation and

Transport
Important Concepts
2.1 Transport System in Humans
Quick Refresh
2.2 Human Blood
Quick Refresh
2.3 Transport System in Plants
Quick Refresh
Smart Review
1
Important Concept
2
Blood Circulation and Transport
Human Plant
Heart
Blood circulatory
system
Blood vessel Blood
Xylem
Phloem
Stomata
Auricle
Ventricle
Artery
Vein
Capillary
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Group A
Group B
Group O
Group AB
consists of
consists of
categorized to
Chapter 2 : Blood Circulation and Transport
Chapter
2.1
Transport System in Human
Circulatory system is the transport system in Humans
The circulatory system is consist of the blood,
the vascular system and the heart
Vascular
system
Blood
Heart The heart is the muscular organ
that pumps the blood
Blood carries oxygen and nutrient
to the bodys cells
Carried away or remove waste
material like carbon dioxide
This system is made up of arteries,
veins and capillaries
Arteries are blood vessels that
carry blood away from the heart
Veins are blood vessels that return
blood to the heart
Capillaries are blood vessels that
connect arteries to veins
Chapter 2 : Blood Circulation and Transport
3
Chapter
2.1
Transport System in Human
Structure of the heart and its function

Heart :
i) Is a muscular organ which positioned behind the ribcage and between lungs
ii) About the size of a clenched fist
iii) Divided into four chambers, the top two chambers are the atriums and the bottom two
chambers are the ventricles
A thick muscular wall, the septum, divides the left atrium and ventricle from the right
atrium and ventricle
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Bicuspid valve
Septum
Right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Right atrium
Vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Semi-lunar valve
4
Chapter 2 : Blood Circulation and Transport
Type of blood vessel Function
Chapter
2.1
Transport System in Human
Carries deoxygenated blood from the whole body
(except lungs) into right atrium
Vena cava
Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle
to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs into left
atrium
Pulmonary vein
Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to
other parts of body
Aorta
5
There are four types of blood vessel that connected to the heart
There are three types of valve in the heart, they are tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve and
semi-lunar valve
These valve ensured that the blood is flowing in only one way and preventing it from
flowing backward
Chapter 2 : Blood Circulation and Transport
Chapter
2.1
Transport System in Human
Blood circulation through the heart

through tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
through the semi-lunar valve via the pulmonary artery into both lungs
to the left atrium via pulmonary vein as oxygenated blood
the left atrium through bicuspid valve into the left ventricle
aorta which carries the blood to the whole body
6
Vena cava enters the right atrium
Chapter 2 : Blood Circulation and Transport
Chapter
2.1
Transport System in Humans
Blood Circulation
Systemic
circulation
carbon dioxide (CO
2
)
Lungs
O
2
CO
2
nutrients

wastes

Oxygen (O
2
)
Pulmonary
circulation
10

Humans have separated circulatory system which consists of pulmonary circulation and
systemic circulation which is interconnected
Chapter 2 : Blood Circulation and Transport
Chapter
2.1
Transport System in Humans
11
COMPARISON BETWEEN OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED BLOOD.
Chapter 2 : Blood Circulation and Transport
Oxygen
Difference
Carbon dioxide
The concentration
of digested food
Waste products
Blood vessel
Blood colour
High concentration Low concentration
Low concentration High concentration
High
Very low
Not present Present
Artery and pulmonary vein
Vein and pulmonary artery
Dark red Bright red
Chapter
2.1
Transport System in Humans
12
Importance of a healthy heart

The heart is one of the most important organ in the human body, because it nonstop
pumping the blood
Without the continuous beating of the heart, life would stop
General strategies for maintaining a healthy heart include
A healthy diet
Exercise lowers blood pressure, controls blood lipids, and helps to keep diabetes
and obesity in control
Many different types of heart problems due to overbuild-up of cholesterol plaques,
which blocks arteries that cause heart attack
Regular exercise
Continuous activity such as fast walking, jogging, swimming, bicycling and
jumping rope are great examples of exercises that increase endurance that
makes the heart work more efficiently
No smoke
Smoker has twice the risk of heart attack than nonsmoker
Cigarette smoking greatly increase the risk for coronary heart disease
A poor diet, high in fats, can lead to serious heart problems
Chapter 2 : Blood Circulation and Transport
The heart, blood and blood vessels are three structural elements that
make up the circulatory system

Aorta is the largest artery in the body

Vena cava is the largest vein in the body

The valves are present in the heart and blood vessels to prevent the back
flow of blood

The heart consists of four chamber, they are the left atrium, the left
ventricle, the right atrium and the right ventricle

The left ventricle is the strongest chamber because it pump blood to the
whole parts of the body except lungs

When the heart pumps blood ;
(a) the two ventricles work simultaneously
(b) the two atria work simultaneously
(c) the atria and ventricles work alternately
Q.R.
2.1
Quick Refresh
13
Chapter 2 : Blood Circulation and Transport
The blood vessels are part of the circulation system and function to
transport blood throughout the body

The role of the heart is to deliver the oxygen and nutrients to organs and
tissues throughout the body and carry away waste products



Q.R.
2.1
Quick Refresh
14
Chapter 2 : Blood Circulation and Transport