By:- Gaurav Kumar

ZEPHYR SYSTEM PVT. LTD

We Think and operate globally
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Objectives
At the end of this course, you will be able to:
Understand evolution of mobile communications
Master UMTS Features and 3G frequency allocation
Master WCDMA Standard Evolution
Understand ZTE WCDMA Features
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Content
Evolution of Mobile Communication
Standardization Organizations of 3G
WCDMA Development and Evolution
ZTE WCDMA Features
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Basic Concepts of Communication----
Mobile Communication
Mobile communication is the communication between
mobile bodies or that between mobile body and fixed
body. Mobile communication has some features
compared with fixed communication:
Mobility, keep communicating in the mobile state.
Complicated radio propagation conditions.
Heavy noise and interference.
Complicated system and network structure.
Efficiency utilization of bandwidth and good
performance of system are needed.
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Basic Concepts of Communication----
Multiple Access
Why Multiple Access?
Increased capacity: serve more users
Reduced capital requirements since
fewer media can carry the traffic
Decreased per-user expense
Types of Transmission Medium:
Twisted pair
Coaxial cable
Fiber optic cable
Air interface (radio signals)
Each pair of users enjoys a
dedicated, private circuit
through the transmission
medium, unaware that the
other users exist.
Multiple Access: Simultaneous private use of a transmission
medium by multiple, independent users.
Transmission


Medium
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Basic Concepts of Communication----
Multiple Access
FDMA-- Frequency Division Multiple Access
Each user on a different frequency
A channel is a frequency

TDMA-- Time Division Multiple Access
Each user on a different window period
in time (which is called time-slot)
A channel is a specific time slot on a specific
frequency

CDMA-- Code Division Multiple Access
A channel is a unique code pattern
Each user uses the same frequency all the time, but
mixed with different distinguishing code patterns
Power
Power
Power
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
By:- Gaurav Kumar
TDD
D U D D D D D D
FDD
D D D D D D D
U
U
Uplink
D
Downlink Unused
Basic Concepts of Communication---- Duplex
Why Duplex?
Separate Unlink and Downlink signals
Make sure the transmission to each end can
be fulfilled at the same time
Time Division Duplex (TDD)
Uplink and Downlink share the same
frequency
Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)
Uplink and Downlink use respective
frequencies to fulfill the transmission
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Evolution of Mobile Communications
Mobile communications existed half a century ago, but
it was in the 1980s that it was really developed.

The main goal of mobile communications is to realize
communication among any objects at any time, and in
any place.
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Evolution of Mobile Communications
Public Land mobile communications system (PLMN)
has gone through 3 stages:
1. First Generation ----Analog Mobile Telephone System
2. Second Generation----Digital Mobile
Communications System
3. Third Generation----IMT-2000
By:- Gaurav Kumar
AMPS
TACS
NMT
Others

S
p
e
e
c
h
GSM
CDMA
IS95
TDMA
IS-136
PDC
Requirement

D
a
t
a


S
p
e
e
c
h
WCDMA
CDMA2000
Requirement
TD-SCDMA
1G 2G
3G
(IMT-2000)
Analog Digital Wideband
Multimedia
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
W
i
d
e
b
a
n
d

Wimax
Evolution of Mobile Communications
By:- Gaurav Kumar
1G --Analog Mobile Telephone System
1. The first generation mobile communications
Analog cellular mobile communications
1) Features:
frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
analog signal
narrow band
2) Representative Systems:
North-Americans AMPS
Britains TACS
North Europeans NMT-450/900
By:- Gaurav Kumar
2G --Digital Mobile Telephone System
2. The second generation mobile communications
Digital cellular mobile communication
1) Features:
time division multiple access (TDMA)
narrow code division multiple access (N-CDMA)
digital signal
narrow band
2)Representative Systems:
pan-European GSM
American D-AMPS
American N-CDMA(CDMA IS-95)
Japans PDC
By:- Gaurav Kumar
3G -- IMT-2000 (UMTS)
3. The third generation mobile communications
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
IMT-2000 (UMTS)
1) Features:
code division multiple access (CDMA)
digital signal
broadband
2) Meaning of 2000 :
frequency spectrum around 2000MHz
data rate up to 2000kbps
putting into business about year 2000
3) Representative Systems:
WCDMA CDMA2000 TD-SCDMA
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Why we use 3G?
Limited frequency resource:
Present frequency cannot satisfy the need of mobile
communications development.
The frequency efficiency of 2G is lower than that of 3G.
Need of mobile multi-media:
Mobile data service will be the necessary product
of the combination of mobile communication and
Internet.
The feature of 3G is the transmission capability of
providing data service in high rate.
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Multiple Services
By:- Gaurav Kumar
The Goal of 3G
Higher transmit rate
Rich and colorful service
Good voice quality
Larger capacity
Lower cost
Good secret performance
High frequency efficiency
Easy to transition from 2G
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Data Rate of IMT-2000
Voice
4.75Kb/s -- 12.2Kb/s
Data
Fast mobile environment- 144Kb/s
From outdoor to indoor or walking - 384Kb/s
indoors- 2Mb/s
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Content
Evolution of Mobile Communication
Standardization Organizations of 3G
WCDMA Development and Evolution
ZTE WCDMA Features
By:- Gaurav Kumar
IMT-FT
IMT-2000
FDMA/TD
MA
IMT-SC
IMT-2000
TDMA SC
UWC-136 E-DECT
IS-136 DECT
IMT-DS
CDMA DS
IMT-MC
CDMA MC
IMT-TD
CDMA TDD
WCDMA TD-SCDMA
UMTS TDD
CDMA 2000
UMTS FDD
3G Radio Transmit Technology Standard
By:- Gaurav Kumar
ITU
Standardization Organizations of 3G
Japan Korea China American Europe American
By:- Gaurav Kumar
3GPP in the World
3GPP - Third Generation Partnership
Project
ARIB - Association of Radio Industries
and Businesses
CWTS - China Wireless
Telecommunication Standard group
ETSI - European Telecommunications
Standards Institute
T1 - Standards Committee T1
Telecommunications
TTA - Telecommunications Technology
Association
TTC - Telecommunication Technology
Committee
GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force
ITU-R - International
Telecommunication Union -
Radiocommunication
ITU-T - International
Telecommunication Union -
Telecommunication Standardization
By:- Gaurav Kumar
3G Frequency Band Allocation
1755 1785 1850 1880 1900 1920 1980 2010 2025 2100 2170 2300 2400
DECT TDD FDD-U MBB TDD NULL FDD-D

20

20

60

30

15

85

60
NULL TDD FDD-U SAT TDD NULL FDD-D

20

20

60

30

15

85

60
FDD-D TDD TDD FDD-U SAT TDD NULL FDD-D TDD FDD-U

20

20

60

30

15

85

60

100 30 30
ITU
Europe/Japan
China
3G Core Band
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Content
Evolution of Mobile Communication
Standardization Organizations of 3G
WCDMA Development and Evolution
ZTE WCDMA Features
By:- Gaurav Kumar
WCDMA Standard Evolution
HSUPA introduced
MBMS
Iu interface
introduced
Max. data rate:
2Mbps
R99

R4

R5
R6
2000.3 2001.3

2002.6 Function freezing time



Control and bearing
separating
Already
commercialized
Multimedia domain
(IMS) introduced
HSDPA introduced
DL : 384Kbps
UL : 384Kbps
DL : 2Mbps
UL : 384Kbps
DL :
14.4Mbps
UL : 384Kbps
DL :
14.4Mbps
UL :
5.72Mbps
By:- Gaurav Kumar
WCDMA subscribers forecast
Informal forecast (reference from GSA): in 3 years, WCDMA subs. will reach 500
million. There into, there will be 300 million in Europe, 150 million in Asia Pacific
and 50 million in Africa/Americas/Middle East
By:- Gaurav Kumar
WCDMA and HSPA Deployments
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Content
Evolution of Mobile Communication
Standardization Organizations of 3G
WCDMA Development and Evolution
ZTE WCDMA Features
By:- Gaurav Kumar
ZTE 3G Total Solution
RRU
Indoor
Macro
Node B
Outdoor
Macro Node
B
Indoor
Micro
Node B
Outdoor
Micro
Node B

Pico
Node B
UTRAN
RNC
RRU
Base Band Pool
RRU
RRU
RRU
MSC
Server
MGW
HLR
SGSN
GGSN
Core Network
SS7
Sigtran
Internet
WAP Gateway
GSM/GPRS
BSS
PSTN/ISDN
Service
Gateway
Management Platform
SCP
Service
Portal
Service Platform
Service
Platform
RNC
By:- Gaurav Kumar
HSDPA/GSM/WCDMA
Commercial system based
on R99/R4/R5, one-stop
end to end solution
Commercial deployment in
global market
CDMA 2000
NGN
NGN
Top 1 brand in China
Global footprint
The exclusive vendor of worlds
largest NGN for China Telecom.
TD-SCDMA
Full series of commercial system
Leading solution with maturity
and capability
50%+ market share in China
Top 1 brand in China
Deployed in over 60 countries,
over 80M lines, 22000 macro
BTS and 8000 micro BTS and
RRU
Unified V3 IP
Platform
Competitive 3G Solution Provider
By:- Gaurav Kumar
GSM/GPRS: used in over 35 countries, total capacity more than 70 million lines
CDMA2000: used in over 60 countries, total capacity more than 50 million lines
WCDMA: used in over 20 countries
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
NIGERIA
ETHIOPIA
NIGER
CONGO
ZAMBIA
SOMALIA
TAJIKISTAN
PAKISTAN
EAST TIMOR
RUSSIA
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
CHILE
CHINA
UZBEKISTAN
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
PERU
ZTE
ZTE
ALGERIA
ZTE
BRAZIL
ZTE
EGYPT
ZTE
GEORGIA
ZTE
INDIA
ZTE
INDONESIA
ZTE
KAZAKHSTAN
ZTE
KENYA
KUWAIT
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
VIETNAM
ZTE
SAUDI ARABIA
ZTE
UKRAINE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
NORWAY
ZTE
ARGENTINA
ZTE
COLOMBIA
BENIN
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
Sri Lanka
ZTE
ZTE
GSM
CDMA
ZTE
UMTS
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE
ZTE Mobile Networks Reference
By:- Gaurav Kumar
ZTE
Country Operator Network Mode
Libya Libyana GSM/WCDMA
Tajikistan Indigo GSM/WCDMA
Estonia Bravocom WCDMA
Ethiopia ETC GSM/WCDMA
Nepal NTC GSM/WCDMA

ZTEs WCDMA commercial system has
successfully launched on nearly 20 countries
including Libya, Tunis, Estonia, Ethiopia, Nepal,
Tajikistan. In the expansion of oversea market,
with ZTEs V3 series commercial system, we
successfully set up the solo network, 2G/3G hybrid
network and various network constructions on the
basis of R99 or R4 version.








ZTEs WCDMA
Worldwide Application, world-class Quality
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Libya Large Scale Commercial Application
Phase: 1.8 Million line GSM/WCDMA core network,
adopted ZTEs WCDMA V3 platforms, finished at the end
of 2005.
Phase: 1 million line WCDMA, covering the Capital,
Tripoli and the other 14 main cities, can serve 90% of the
population in Libya.
Fast growth of subscriber: The number of subscribers
broke through 300,000 at the end of 2006.
Network Scale
R4 architecture; GSM and WCDMA hybrid network;
support 2G/3G handover and roaming
Both Pre-paid and Post-paid are available
Thousands of dual mode mobile subscribers can
smoothly migrate to 3G network
Within 3 months, finished the construction and
optimization of 1 M lines 3G network
HSDPA in scale application, smoothly evolve to
HSPA+
Speciality
one of the few profitable
WCDMA large Scale networks
Libya
By:- Gaurav Kumar
ZTE built up the commercial WCDMA network in
the capital Dushanbe and the second largest
city Khujand. 3G Subscriber can easily roam
between the two cities and inter-work with the
2G or fixed line network.
2G and 3G share the same core network with
150,000 capacity.
ZXWN
MSC Server
ZXWN MGW
ZXWN SGSN
ZXWN GGSN(10k)
ZXWN HLR
PSTN
Link
Traffic
Data Link
Dushanbe
Khujand
ZXWR Node B
ZXWR RNC
ZXWR Node B
Existing GSM
MSC
Internet
Tajikistan
The Largest WCDMA Application in Middle Asia
By:- Gaurav Kumar
NTCNepal Telecomis the only one operator in Nepal that
offer a full service of fixed telephone, broadband, mobile
services and etc.
750,000 lines of NTCs GSM network is provided by ZTE,
which covers Katmandu, the capital of Nepal and the number
of the subscribers is more than 250,000.
The same PLMN networking mode, cell re-selection achieves 2G/3G
roaming.
High speed data rate service is available for visitors.
UTRAN: 100,000 WCDMA subscribers, covering 90% area of the
capital
CN: 200,000 lines all based on R4
Network scale
Network Features
Nepal
First WCDMA application in Southern Asia
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Brunei
Excellent KPI Network
In Oct.31, 2005, ZTEs WCDMA network at Brunei successfully passed the DSTs radio
performance and service test. It began to offer wholly 3G service and achieve 2G/3G access.
With only half of the schedule, ZTE finished the network construction and optimization, DST
highly commented ZTEs efficiency in network construction we are very satisfied with the
speed and the good quality.
ZTE achieved the theoretical maximum value in the online single cell test.
Brunei, is the third biggest oil product country
in southeast-asia and the fourth biggest natural
gas product country in the world.
DST, is the biggest mobile operator in Brunei
By:- Gaurav Kumar
Tunis
Widely Recognized in High Value
ZTE gave a great and complete
support to the communication
system of the WSIS.
In this summit, the government
leaders, guests and visitors of
more than 70 countries enjoyed
the good services in voice, data
and multimedia by WCDMA
network which was constructed by
ZTE.
Tunisia
The World Summit on the Information
Society (WSIS) was convened in Tunisia
during Nov.16
th
18
th
, 2005
By:- Gaurav Kumar
ZTE WCDMA Latest Applications
For TM and Dialog, ZTE got
UMTS contract in Sri Lanka
in Apr 2007.
As to Etisalat, ZTE UMTS
products have been deployed
near Abu for commercial trial
in Nov 2006.
In Ethiopia, ZTE got a 15
million lines GSM/UMTS
contract in Mar 2007, and will
be the sole vender of the
whole network in future 3
years.
By:- Gaurav Kumar