By Dr.

priya sonavdekar
In this stage ,the researcher analyses the data
as follows:
The variables that are planned for analysis
Cross tabulation is required
Variables which need to be combined
The statistical procedure to be used

There are 4 ways of displaying analyzed data:
1. Text
2. Table
3. Graphs
4. Statistical measures

It is most common method of displaying
quantity & quality research
reasonable command of language & clarity of
thoughts
Writing should be thematic
Logical progression of thoughts
Layout should be attractive & pleasing to eye

Offers a useful mean of presenting large
amount of info in a small space
Provide visual relief & serve as quick point of
reference
Has 5 parts:
1. Title
2. Stub ( sub categories on left) {y axis}
3. column headings {x axis}
4. Body of table
5. Supplementary/foot notes

It is mainly based on tabled data
Easier to understand & effectively
communicate
Makes easier to highlight important features
Different types of graphs which can be used :
histogram, bar chart, stem & leaf display, pie
chart , line diagram & scatter diagram

Presents data in a precise & succinct manner
Types of statistical measures
Complicated /inferential
1. Mean
2. Mode
3. median
1. Anova( analysis of variance)
2. Multiple regression
3. Different statistical test

Simple descriptive
Use of statistical measures depends upon:
1. Type of data
2. Knowledge of statistics
3. Purpose of communicating findings

1. Organize the Discussion from the specific to the general:
your findings to the literature, to theory, to practice.
2. Begin by re-stating the hypothesis you were testing and
answering the questions posed in the introduction.
3. Support the answers with the results.
4. Describe the patterns, principles, and relationships
shown by each major finding/result and put them in
perspective.
5. The sequencing of providing this information is
important
6. If necessary, point the reader to a figure or table to
enhance the story.
7. Defend your answers. Only by giving both sides to the
argument can you make your explanation convincing.

8. Discuss and evaluate conflicting explanations of the
results.
9. Discuss any unexpected findings.
10. Identify potential limitations and weaknesses and
comment on the relative importance of these to
your interpretation of the results and how they may
affect the validity of the findings.
11. Summarize the principal implications of the
findings.
There are some important things you need to
remember in the conclusion:
You need to link it to the rest of your report.
You need to highlight the significant
elements from your report .
Sometimes it is best to summarize the key
points of the paper.
You need to avoid introducing new
material.
Mention the author by last name in the sentence and then
give the year of the publication in parenthesis:
Eg: According to Rodgers (1983), the Appalachian mountains
were formed in three events.

Referencing from a book:
Eg : Gould, S. J., 1983, Hen's Teeth and Horse's Toes, W. W.
Norton, New York City, 413 p.

Referencing from a site :
authors name ,year of publication, name of his work, Mention
the site .Finally specify the date that you last accessed the
site, enclosed in parentheses.

Eg: Horn, M.A., 1999 U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources
Investigation Report 99-
4279,http://co.water.usgs.gov/trace/pubs/wrir-99-
4279/ (August 1, 2000)