Colon cancer

Septi rahadian
030-10-249
What is colon cancer?
Colon cancer is cancer that occurs in the cells of the colon that starts in
the large intestine (colon) or the rectum (end of the colon).
Stage of colon cancer :
-Stage 0: Very early cancer on the innermost layer of the intestine
-Stage I: Cancer is in the inner layers of the colon
-Stage II: Cancer has spread through the muscle wall of the colon
-Stage III: Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes
-Stage IV: Cancer has spread to other organs

Etiology
Age
Diabetes
Diet
Genetics
Lack of exercise
Obesity
Personal medical history
smoking
Epidemiology
insidence rates
Epidemiology
death rates
Symptoms
Blood in stool
Thin stool
Constipation
Abdominal pain
Fatigue
Feeling like you have to empty your bowel,
even when you dont
Diagnosis
A person with colon cancer will be diagnosed in one
of two ways:
It is found on a routine screening test.
Symptoms lead a person to the doctor, and tests to find
the cause of the symptoms reveal colon cancer.
Ideally, every case of colon cancer would be found with
routine screening. This is because in the early stages,
people with colon cancer typically have no symptoms
at all, and colon cancer is most curable when found
early, at the time its least likely to cause symptoms.


Diagnosis
Anyway, There are several different tests to
look for colon cancer. Tests that are used to
make a colon cancer diagnosis include:
Flexible sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy
Double contrast barium enema (DCBE)
Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)



Treatment
Colon Cancer Surgery
Stage 0 colon cancer may be treated by removing the
cancer cells, often during a colonoscopy. For stages I, II,
and III cancer, more extensive surgery is needed to
remove the part of the colon that is cancerous.
Chemotherapy
Almost all patients with stage III colon cancer should
receive chemotherapy after surgery for approximately
6 - 8 months. Chemotherapy is also used to improve
symptoms and prolong survival in patients with stage
IV colon cancer.
Treatment
Radiation Therapy
Although radiation therapy is occasionally used in patients with
colon cancer, it is usually used in combination with chemotherapy
for patients with stage III rectal cancer. For patients with stage IV
disease that has spread to the liver, various treatments directed
specifically at the liver can be used.
This may include:
-Burning the cancer (ablation)
-Delivering chemotherapy or radiation directly into the liver
-Freezing the cancer (cryotherapy)
-Surgery



Prevention
Get Screened
Exercise Regularly
Eat Right
Maintain a Healthy Body Weight and Shape
Avoid Tobacco and Don't Smoke
CONCLUSION
Colorectal cancer is cancer that occurs in the
colon or rectum. Colon cancer affects men and
women of all racial and ethnic groups, and is
most often found in people aged 50 years or
older. In the United States, it is the third most
common cancer for men and women. Of cancers
that affect both men and women, colon cancer is
the second leading cancer killer in the United
States, but it doesn't have to be. If everybody
aged 50 or older had regular screening tests, as
many as 60% of deaths from colon cancer could
be prevented.