BLAST LOAD

By:
Jivani Dipak
 Need of considering blast load

• loading To Grow awareness of the risks associated with

important structures has led to advances in the
application of analysis of blast and impact.
 Blast loading.
During the explosion,there is sudden expansion of small
amount of air surrounding the explosive,which causes
increased pressure in that small area around the
explosive.

1.Overpressure
2.Propagation of Overpressure.
Overpressure time
history with critical
blast parameters.

Blast Impulse.
 Blast effect on building.
• Crater effect
• Ground shaking.
• Overpressure loading.
• Other effects.
 Magnitude of blast loading acting
on structure vary greatly with
• Properties of explosive.
- Type of material.
- Quantity of explosive.
- Energy output.
• Location of detonation.
• Stand-off distance.
• Reflection of shock front.
 Action of loading.
• Exterior Blasts:
• Interior Blasts:
 Load combination
• Wind and EQ shall not be considered simultaneously
with blast.
• Effect of temperature and shrinkage shall be neglected.
• Live load - IS:875-1964
• No live load consider on roof at the time of blast.
• For general guideline the building may be designed for a
charge of 100kg at a distance given in table.
 BLAST FORCE
• As per the code IS:4991-1968 the blast
force will be calculated as,[ Clause:5]
Ps=Pso[1-(t/to)e]-b*t/to
Where,
T is the time to zero pressure.(mille seconds)
b is wave form parameter.
• This is a time decay function.
• Scaling Laws
 Closed structure
• Front face
peak value

Reflected overpressure which drops from peak value

Open structure
 Partly Open structure
• Area of opening >50% of area of walls-
drag type structure.
• Area of opening< 50% of area of walls-
closed type structure.
• For intermediate condition, direct
interpolation may be made between the
two conditions of both maximum pressure
and time duration.
 Air craft loading.
• Design loads resulting from aircraft
impacts are governed by the absorption of
kinetic energy from the aircraft by the
building at its maximum deflection.
• Total impulsive load at the interface of the
collapsing aircraft and the building is given
by.

- is coefficient for change in

momentum=1
- is constant which can be determined
from design acceleration for failure of the
aircraft.
- is the velocity of aircraft
Case study- WTC
• World trade center.