8/1/2014 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 1

Personal Protective
Equipment and Tool
Safety
Joe Nail
8/1/2014 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 2
Introduction to PPE
Employees must be protected from harm.
Common methods for doing this are
Engineering Controls, Work Practices,
Administrative Controls and, Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE). Sometimes
one or more of the above is used and at
times all are used to provide adequate
protection. When only PPE is used, the
PPE is the only thing protecting the
employee from the danger. This unit
discusses basic types of PPE and the
employer requirements.
What is personal protective
equipment?
Personal protective equipment, or PPE, is
designed to protect employees from serious
workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from
contact with chemical, radiological, physical,
electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards.
Besides face shields, safety glasses, hard hats, and
safety shoes, PPE includes a
variety of devices and garments such as goggles,
coveralls, gloves, vests, earplugs, and respirators.
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3
Employers Responsibilities
(OSHA Subpart I:1910.132-140)
What Kind of PPE Approved PPE
Maintained PPE Training to use PPE

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OSHAs primary PPE standards are in Title 29 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR), Part 1910 Subpart I, and equivalent regulations in states
with OSHA-approved state plans, but you can find PPE requirements
elsewhere in the General Industry Standards. For example, 29 CFR 1910.156,
OSHAs Fire Brigades Standard, has requirements for firefighting gear. In
addition, 29 CFR 1926.95-106 covers the construction industry. OSHAs
general PPE requirements mandate that employers conduct a hazard
assessment of their workplaces to determine what hazards are present that
require the use of PPE, provide workers with appropriate PPE, and require
them to use and maintain it in sanitary and reliable condition. As an employer,
you must assess your workplace to determine if hazards are present
that require the use of PPE.
1910.132(d) Hazard Assessment
(2)The employer shall verify that the required workplace
hazard assessment has been performed through a written
certification that identifies:
The workplace evaluated;
The person certifying that the evaluation has been
performed;
The date(s) of the hazard assessment; and,
Which identifies the document as a certification of hazard
assessment
New Employee Orientation
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Employers Responsibilities

If such hazards are present, you must select PPE and require employees to
use it, communicate your PPE selection decisions to your employees, and
select PPE that properly fits your workers. You must also train employees
who are required to wear PPE on how do the following:

Use PPE properly,
Be aware of when PPE is necessary,
Know what kind of PPE is necessary,
Understand the limitations of PPE in
protecting employees from injury,
Don, adjust, wear, and care for PPE, and
Maintain PPE properly.

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1910.132(f) Training
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Employees Responsibilities
Inspect Maintain Report Defects
Employees should look at their equipment on a daily basis to
make sure it is good working order. This is the responsibility of
each employee.


PPE, especially eye wear and face masks, should be cleaned
daily by the person who wears it.


The employee must reports any problems with PPE, as well as
other protective equipment, as soon as it is detected.





1910.132(f) Training
(2)Workers must demonstrate an
understanding of the training and the ability to
use PPE properly, before being allowed to
perform work requiring the use of PPE:
(4)Verify that each employee has received and
understood the required training through a written
certification that contains:
The name of each employee trained,
The date(s) of training, and that
Identifies the subject of the certification
1910.138(a) General requirements
Employers shall select and require employees
to use appropriate hand protection when
employees' hands are exposed to hazards such
as those from:
Skin absorption of harmful substances;
Severe cuts or lacerations;
Severe abrasions;
Punctures;
Chemical burns;
Thermal burns; and
Harmful temperature extremes
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Introduction to PPE
Hand Protection
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Introduction to PPE
Head
Protection
Webbing: 1 inch
clearance

Early Hard Hats were made
of metal
1910.135(a) General requirements
(1)Ensure that each
employee wears a protective
helmet when working in areas
where there is a potential for
injury to the head from falling
objects
Classes and types of Hard hats
Type I hard hats - intended
to reduce the force of
impact resulting from a
blow to the top of the head
Type II hard hats -
designed to provide
protection against both side
impact (lateral) and blows
to the top of the head
Classes
G (old A)
General
2,200 volts

E (old B)
Electrical
20,000 volts

C (same)
Conductive
1910.135(b) Criteria for protective
helmets
(1)Protective
helmets purchased
after July 5, 1994
shall comply with
ANSI Z89.1-1986
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Introduction to PPE
Care of a Hard Hat
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Introduction to PPE
Eye Protection
Glasses

Goggles
Z 87.1-1989
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Introduction to PPE
Face Protection
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PPE 1910.95
Protection against the effects of noise exposure shall be
provided when the sound levels exceed those shown in
Table G-16.
Hearing Protection: Reusable and Disposable
Ear Muffs
Reusable Ear Plugs
Ear Protection and
Communication
Table G-16
Exposure Hours per Day Sound Level in dBA
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1 1/2 102
1 105
1/2 110
or less 115
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Ensure that each affected
employee uses protective
footwear when working
in areas where there is:
A danger of foot injuries due to
falling or rolling objects, or
Objects piercing the sole, and
Where such employee's feet are
exposed to electrical hazards
1910.136(a) General requirements
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Introduction to PPE
Foot Protection

1910.136(b) Criteria for protective footwear
(1)Protective footwear purchased after July 5,
1994 shall comply with ANSI Z41-1991,
"American National Standard for Personal
Protection-Protective Footwear,"
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Introduction to PPE
Foot Protection(continued)
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Introduction to PPE
Foot Protection(continued)
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Safety Harness
Limits a fall to only a feet

Must be supplied by employer

Employee MUST be trained on how to use

Requires a written program
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Introduction to PPE
Respiratory Protection
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Respiratory Protection
Filter Respirators
Air-Purifying-particles and gases
Particulate-dusts and mists
Atmosphere-Supplying-Respirators
Supplied Air
Self Contained
1910.134(c)(1) Respiratory
protection program
Where respirators are required you need:
Written program
Worksite-specific procedures
Required elements:
Training
Fit testing
Medical evaluations
Care and maintenance
Procedures for respirator selection
Procedures for routine & emergency use
1910.134(c)(2) Where respirator use is not
required:
(i)If voluntary respirator use is permissible, provide
the respirator users with the information contained
in Appendix D and,
(ii)Establish and implement those elements of a
written respiratory protection program* necessary to
ensure that any employee using a respirator
voluntarily is medically able to use that respirator
(ii)That the respirator is cleaned, stored, and
maintained so that its use does not present a health
hazard to the user
*Written program not required for voluntary use of dust masks
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Introduction to PPE
Atmosphere Supplying
Respirators
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SCBA
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

Used in Low Oxygen Environments like
Confined Spaces as defined by OSHA
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Part Two-Hand Tools
Defective Tools
Wrong Tool for the Job
Improperly Maintained Tool
Tool in the Wrong Place
Incorrect Body Positioning
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Hand Tools
Defective Tools
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Hand Tools
Wrong Tool for the Job
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Hand Tools
Incorrect Use
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Hand Tools
Wrong Place (storage practices)
Wrong Body Positioning
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Hand Tools
Screwdrivers
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Hand Tools
Wrenches
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Hand Tools
Pliers
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Hand Tools
Hammers and Mallets
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Hand Tools
Chisels and Punches
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Hand Tools
Knives
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Hand Tools
Electric Tools and Electrical Safety
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Hand Tools
Pneumatic Tools
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Hand Tools
Gasoline Powered Tools and
Equipment
General Safety Precautions
Keep all tools in good condition
with regular maintenance

Use the right tool for the right job

Inspect each tool for damage
before use

Operate according to the
manufacturers instructions

Provide and use proper personal
protective equipment

47
General Safety Precautions
Responsibility of the employer

PPE provision and monitoring

Safe work procedures

Safe condition of tools including
personal tools


48
Hand Tools
Non powered

Largest hazard

Misuse

Improper maintenance

Safe use

Direction of knives and blades

Sharp knives and blades

Safe working surfaces
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Power Tools
Classification by power source

Electric

Pneumatic

Liquid Fuel

Hydraulic

Powder Actuated
50
Power Tools (cont.)
1926.304(d)

Upper blade guard

Lower blade guard

Automatically returns to
starting position
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Power Tools (cont.)
1926.300(d)(2)

Equipped with a momentary
contact on-off control and
may have a lock-on control
provided.

However, that turnoff must be
accomplished by a single
motion of the same finger or
fingers that turn it on.

52
Power Tools (cont.)
Momentary Contact on/off switch

Drills

Tappers

Fasteners

Drivers

Grinders Greater than 2 in dia.

Disc and Belt Sanders

Reciprocating Saws
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Power Tools (cont.)
Positive on/off controls

Disc Sanders w/ discs 2 in dia. Or less

Routers

Trimmers

Shears

Jig Saws w/ blade wide or less
54
Power Tools (cont.)
ON POSITION
OFF POSITION
55
Power Tools (cont.)
Never carry tools by cords
Never pull cords to disconnect
Disconnect tools when not in use
or during maintenance
Secure work with vice or clamp
Allows two hands for working

Follow users manual instructions
56
Power Tools (cont.)
Proper apparel
NO loose clothing, hair, or jewelry

Tag all damaged tools Out of Service or discard them

Keep blades and knives sharpened
57
Electric Tools (cont.)
58
Electric Tools (cont.)
Double-Insulated Marking
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Powered Abrasive Wheels
Flying fragments

Wear proper PPE

Ring test 1926.303(c)(7)

Mounting

Follow manufacturers instructions
60
Abrasive Wheels (cont.)
Maximum RPM
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Abrasive Wheels (cont.)
180 deg
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Powder Actuated Tools
1926.302(e)

Meet ANSI A10.3 1970

PPE

Eye Protection

Head and face depending on conditions

Proper training required
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Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)
1926.302(e)

Fasteners used in tool
specifically designed
for that tool

Designed for the
material that is being
driven into
Concret
e
Concrete/wo
od
Wood
Specific size = Specific operation
64
65
Charges used in
powder actuated tools
Right size charge with right size fastener
Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)

Tools must be inspected before use

Defective tools taken out of service immediately

Tools not loaded until just before intended firing

Loaded or empty tools are never to be pointed at anyone
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Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)
1926.302(e)(7) Fasteners not driven into:
Very hard or brittle materials

Cast iron

Glazed tile

Surface-hardened steel

Glass block

Live rock

Face brick

Hollow tile
67
Powder Actuated Tools (cont)
Inspection:

Make sure its clean

All parts must operate freely

The barrel is free from obstructions
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Powder Actuated Tools (cont)
Firing
Keep hands clear of the barrel
5 pounds of force against working material

Misfires
Wait 30 seconds
Try firing again
Wait another 30 sec.
Remove the cartridge
Place in water

69
Powder Actuated Tools (cont)
Defects

Tag do not operate

Remove from service
70
FATAL FACT

Employee killed when struck in head by a nail fired from a powder
actuated tool. Tool operator was attempting to anchor a plywood form
in preparation for pouring a concrete wall.
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FATAL FACT

Employees performing remodeling operations building a wall.
Operator was attempting to anchor plywood to a 2x 4 stud. The
nail penetrated the stud and struck the victim. One worker killed
when struck by a nail from a powder-actuated tool.
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Pneumatic Tools
Appropriate PPE

Eye Protection

Hearing Protection

Other Employees


73
74
HOSE CLAMP
UNACCEPTABLE
ACCEPTABLE
Pneumatic Tool
Connections
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REVIEW
1. What must your employer provide in addition to the appropriate PPE?
2. What is the employees responsibility before using PPE?
3. What is the greatest danger when wearing loose fitting clothing on the job?
4. How long should you shower if you come into contact with a dangerous chemical?
5. How much clearance should a hard hat webbing provide between your head and the top
of the shell?
6. Give the type of eye protection that protects from debris approaching from multiple
angles?
7. What units are used to measure noise?
8. In what areas should disposable ear plugs NOT be used?
9. Before entering a confined space, the workers safety harness is attached to a
__________.
10. What kind of respirator is worn in areas that contain little or no oxygen?
11. What is the first thing to do before using any tool?
12. Which of the jaws is the strongest on the crescent wrench?
13. What is the name given to the wrench that IS meant to be struck with a hammer?
14. What do you call the condition of wear that refers to a badly worn striking surface?
15. When should you use a mallet in place of a hammer?
16. What is the difference between a regular knife and a safety knife?
17. What is the most important feature of an electrical power tool?
18. What is the greatest hazard with electrical tools?
19. State the purpose of a dead man switch.
20. When using compressed air for removing dirt, what should the maximum pressure be?