SOCIAL PLANNING

By the end of the session, participants will

be able to:
Define and explain the distinction between
social development, development planning,
and social planning;
Enumerate the components and elements
of social planning.





OBJECTIVES:

- It is the process of thinking about and organizing the
activities required to achieve a desired goal.

- Planning is a process of matching of needs and
responses, and of organizational intentions and
resource capability.

PLANNING
Ackoll (1981) defines planning as a
process of establishing objectives and
choosing the most suitable means for
achieving those objectives prior to taking
action.
PLANNING
Basically, is an anticipatory decision making.
Planning sets the goals and provides the road map
for almost all of the workers action.

It future-oriented.
It involves selecting from among alternatives
identified. It helps us reduce uncertainties. It
entails deciding in advance what are resources to
be allocated.

PLANNING
The traditional view of development
planning refers to the conscious attempts
to increase the rate of economic and
social progress and to alter those
institutional arrangements which are
considered to the obstacles to the
achievement of this aim
(Conyers, 1994)
.

DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Development planning is the formulation
of plans and appropriate actions with the
objective of providing opportunities that
will maximize peoples potential, raise the
standard of living and improve the quality
of life without sacrificing the needs of the
future generation.
(Conyers, 1994)
.

DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Refers to conscious and continuous efforts to
address the factors which affect the standard of
living and quality of life of the people.
Thus, development is people-centered.
Development planning efforts must be conceived
and measured not only in economic terms but
also in terms of social-wellbeing, political
structures and quality of the physical
environment (Conyers, 1984)

DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
An approach that focuses on the need to
put people first in development
processes.
It is empowering people by creating more
inclusive, cohesive, resilient, and
accountable institutions and
societies.
(World Bank)
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Social development means investing in people.
It requires the removal of barriers so that all
citizens can journey toward their dreams with
confidence and dignity. It is about refusing to
accept that people who live in poverty will always
be poor. It is about helping people so they can
move forward on their path to self-sufficiency.

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
In social development parlance, social
planning is a conscious, systematic
process during which decisions are made
about the goals and activities that an
individual, group, community or
organization will pursue in the future.
Pangalanan et. al. (1985)

SOCIAL PLANNING
In all process of social planning, the
stakeholders (e.g. the target
beneficiaries of planning, the policy
makers, management and
implementers) must be involved.
SOCIAL PLANNING

It is not a haphazard group of decisions
made in response to a crisis, rather, it is a
purposeful effort, directed and controlled
by the managers often drawing on their
knowledge and experience
(Bateman and Zeithaml,
1993)
.

SOCIAL PLANNING
Social planning is the process of anticipating social
goals or targets and then preparing a plan for
reacting them
(Conyers, 1984)
.
It means down board looking at where we want to be,
and how to reach the destination. The word social
refers to the people who need and/or concerns. It
could be sectoral such as the farmers sector, the
urban poor sector, and the like. It could also be spatial
such as community, a municipality, a province, or a
country depending on the operation scope of the
concerned entity.
SOCIAL PLANNING
Social planning by managers within organizations is
vital to the delivery of client services. It is important
to create and maintain an organizational climate in
which staff will want to work and will commit their
activities to the goals of the organization. Getting
the right person for the right position in the right
organization and the quality of communication over
stakeholders participation also help realize the
desired results of social plans and programs.
SOCIAL PLANNING
Social planning requires:
a critical understanding of past events and the
capacity to envision the future;
It also requires a good understanding of the people
and the origins of their behavior;
In many ways, good social planning is more a people
skill than a technical skill. It involves a careful
matching of plans to the needs of situations and the
resources and hand to make it realistic.

SOCIAL PLANNING
PROGRAM
DEVELOPMENT
AND
MANAGEMENT
Planning
Implementation
Monitoring
Evaluation
PROJECT LIFE
CYCLE
Definition
Planning
Execution
Delivery
PROJECT
CYCLE
Baseline Data
and Assessing
Needs
Planning
Implementation
and Monitoring
Evaluation
PROJECT
CYCLE
Situational
Analysis
Planning
Appraisal
Implementation Operation
Monitoring
Evaluation
Analysis of situation. This component answers two
important questions. The first question to answer is
Whom are we going to serve? Knowledge of the
needs concerns, and aspirations of the people to serve
is very important to ensure the social plans and
programs are responsive. It is also very important
input for the formulation of goals and objectives.
Second, What situation are we in? The answer to this
is a list of facilitating and hindering factors that affect
the attainment of the desired goal.

COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL PLANNING
Clarity of goals. Any social plan must be able to answer the
question. Where are we going? To answer this question,
the concerned parties (i.e. social planners, beneficiaries,
and policy makers, etc.) will develop a vision or dream of a
future state. The dream must be both clear and powerful to
arouse and sustain the actions necessary for that dream or
vision to become a reality
(Pfeiffer et.al., 1993)
.
Clear goals gives the stakeholders view of the shared
future, a clear sense of direction in the mobilization of
energy and resources, and a sense of being engaged in
something important.
COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL PLANNING
Strategies to achieve the goals.
This component answers the question, How do
we attain the desired goal ? The answers to this
are means or strategies, time frames, people or
structures responsible, the resources needed,
and contingency plans if ever something gets
wrong in the process of attaining the goal .
COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL PLANNING
Peoples participation.
The involvement of the stakeholders in all aspects of
social planning, particularly the target sector or
communities to be served, is very important to ensure
its success and sustainability. Their participation helps
the planner in ensuring success because the people can
pinpoint what programs will respond to their needs.
Moreover the implementation will be relatively smooth
because their involvement in the social planning process
will develop in them a sense of ownership for the social
plan.

COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL PLANNING
Type of Par ti ci pati on and Characteri sti cs
Passi ve Par ti ci pati on Peopl e are tol d what i s goi ng to happen or has
al ready happened. Top down, i nformati on shared bel ongs onl y to
external professi onal s.
Par ti ci pati on i n i nformati on gi vi ng Peopl e answer questi ons posed by
extracti ve researchers, usi ng sur veys etc. Peopl e not abl e to i nfl uence
the research.
Par ti ci pati on by consul tati on Peopl e are consul ted and external
agents l i sten to thei r vi ews. Usual l y external l y defi ned probl ems and
sol uti ons. Peopl e not real l y i nvol ved i n deci si on maki ng. Par ti ci pati on
as consul tati on.
Par ti ci pati on by materi al i ncenti ves Provi si on of resources, e. g. l abor.
Li ttl e i ncenti ve to par ti ci pate af ter the i ncenti ves end, for exampl e
much farm research, some communi ty forestr y.
TYPOLOGIES OF PARTICIPATION
PRETTY AND HINE(1999)
Type of Parti ci pati on and Characteristics
Functi onal Participation. Groups are formed to meet
predetermined obj ectives. Usual ly done af ter maj or proj ect
deci sions are made, therefore i ni ti ally dependent on outsi ders
but may become sel f dependent and enabling. Parti cipation as
organi zation.
I nteractive Participation Joi nt anal ysis to j oi nt acti ons. Possi ble
use of new l ocal i nsti tutions or strengthening exi sting ones.
Enabli ng and empowering so peopl e have a stake i n mai ntai ning
structures or practices.
Self- Mobilisation. Al ready empowered, take decisions
i ndependentl y of external i nsti tutions. May or may not chal lenge
exi sting.
TYPOLOGIES OF PARTICIPATION
PRETTY AND HINE(1999)
Planning involves making a choice.
Planning involves making choices between
alternative courses of action. In other words,
alternative ways of achieving the same objective.
Planning means choosing among many desirable
activities because not everything can be done at
once.


ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL PLANNING
Pl anning means al l ocating resources.
Pl anning i nvolves maki ng deci si ons about how to make the
best use of the avai lable resources. Consequentl y, the qual i ty
of these resources has a very i mportant effect on the process
of choosing between di fferent courses of acti on. Si nce
resources are al ways l i mi ted, there i s a need to al l ocate these
resources properl y by pri ori tizi ng courses of acti on. Usi ng the
previ ous example i n i ncreasing the i ncome of the farmers. The
amount of avai lable resource such as capi tal, technology,
Manpower can hel p us deci de whi ch proj ect to undertake.
ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL PLANNING
Planning is a means of achieving goals.
It is not enough to say that involves making decision
about the use of resources because the best use of
resources will depend very much on the objective
that one tries to achieve. Thus planning involves
making decisions about alternative ways to achieve
particular goals. Furthermore, planning carefully
establishes individual and group effort in a way that
they are supportive of each other that they
contribute significantly to higher level goal
attainment.

ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL PLANNING
Planning is decidedly future oriented.
Plans are designed to take us from where are
today to where we develop to be tomorrow. It is a
proactive process which social work managers
cannot afford to leave much to chance. It entails
deciding in advance just what needs to be done,
what is the best way in the best time to do it, and
who is the best choice to do it.
ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL PLANNING
Planning is a continuous process.
It requires constant monitoring and revision to assume
that it remains effective and efficient. The optimum
utilization of human and material resources to create
and to put plans into effect should result in a positive
contribution into healthy group morale that make staff
more likely to work toward goal achievement. On the
other hand, poor planning can exact a toll on morale,
motivation and attitudes. They can interfere with goal
achievement and can result in a financial set back.

ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL PLANNING
CASE
EXAMPLE: