Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
The intra-cell MAI can be
modeled as AWGN
Perfect power control is
assumed
Random sequences
Capacity of CDMA Systems
Coarse estimate of the reverse link (uplink) capacity
Assumptions:
Single Cell.
The interference caused by other users in the cell can be
modeled as AWGN.
Perfect power control is used, i.e. the received power of each
user at the base station is the same.
If the received power of each user is Ps watts, and the
background noise can be ignored (ex: micro-cells), then the total
interference power (MAI) at the output of the desired users
detector is
where Ku is the total number of equal energy users in the cell.
Suppose each user can operate against Gaussian noise at a bit-
energy-to-noise density level of Eb/Io. Let W be the entire spread
bandwidth, then the interference spectral density can be
expressed as:
( )
s u
P K I 1 ~
) ( /
0
sided one Hz Watts
W
I
I =
EE 552/452 Spring 2007
Capacity of CDMA Systems
Interference
limited
Also, the bit energy Eb is
Thus,
b
s
b
R
P
E =
0 b
b
b b
0
s
u
I E
R W
R E
W I
P
I
1 K =
= =
{
Now, if we consider the factors of voice activity (G
v
), sectorized
antenna gain (G
A
), and other-cell interface factor (f), where
G
v
~ 1/v = 2.67
G
A
(three sectors) ~ 2.4
f = (Interference form other cells)/(Interference from given cell) ~ 0.6
Capacity of CDMA Systems
In this case, Ku can be approximated by
Ex: If Gv ~ 2.67, GA ~ 2.4, f ~ 0.6
If (Eb/Io) required is 6 dB (i.e. Eb/Io = 4)
which will be larger than the TDMA or FDMA systems in the cellular
environment.
( ) f 1
G G
I E
R W
K
A v
0 b
b
u
+
~
( )
( )
o b
b
u
I E
R W
K
~
4
b
u
R
W
K ~
SDMA
Use spot beam antennas
The different beam area can use TDMA, FDMA,
CDMA
Sectorized antenna can be thought of as a SDMA
Adaptive antennas can be used in the future
(simultaneously steer energy
in the direction of many users)
spot beam
antenna
Features:
A large number of independently steered
high-gain beams can be formed without any
resulting degradation in SNR ratio.
Beams can be assigned to individual users,
thereby assuring that all links operate with
maximum gain.
Adaptive beam forming can be easily
implemented to improve the system capacity
by suppressing co channel interference.