Logs and Correlations

E & P CORE PROGRAMME

Techniques
3
isochore = isopach
isochore thickness
isopach
Isopach - Isochore Thickness
Net to Gross Ratio
Top of Reservoir
Bottom of Reservoir
5'
Net
10'
Net
20'
Gross
Legend
Productive
Non Productive
N/G = 15/20 = 0.75
The Gamma Ray Log
inc GR
GR Log
Legend
Sand Shale Bore Hole
GR Sonde
The Gamma Ray Log Interpretation
Legend
Sand
API Units
0 GR 100
Depth Interpretation
Non Reservoir
Non Reservoir
Non Reservoir
Reservoir
Reservoir
100
200
Sand Line 0% Shale
Net Sand Cut-off Line 50% Shale
Shale Line 100% Shale
DFE
tvss
ahbdf
TD
TD
ahbdf
sea level sea level
DEPTH MEASUREMENTS USED
ft = feet
m = metres
ss = subsea
bdf = below derric floor
tv = true vertical
ah = along hole
TD = total depth
DFE = derric floor elevation
tvss
Correlation: Why??
To understand the lateral continuity and variation of
the reservoir sands in the field so that the field can be
developed optimally

To develop depositional model of the reservoir sands
and bounding shales in order to understand the facies
distribution within the reservoir interval

Correlation: Tools
Electric Logs :
GR (Gamma Ray)
Resistivity Log (ILD or MSFL)
SP (Spontaneous Potential)
Sonic
Density Log
Neutron Porosity + etcs.

Others
Microfossils data
Core description data
Seismic picks (Converted from TWT to Depths)
Correlation: Methods
Electric Logs :
Identify a common surface to be used as datum (i.e coal)
Positions and 'hangs' all wells on this surface according to its
sequence from the map
Identify 'sand unit' and try to correlate them laterally
Correlate 'minor' events to complete the correlation for detail
facies interpretation

Datum :
Surface that represent the same 'time-line' during deposition
Faults :
If correlation is 'lost' or similar event do not exist between
wells - A break in the sedimentary layers
Missing layer - Normal fault
Created duplicate layer - Reverse fault
DATUM PLANE CORRELATION
2500
2600
2500
2600
Datum
2500
2600
Well 1 Well 2 Well 3
Datum on base
of same sand
DATUM PLANE CORRELATION
2500
2600
2500
2600
Datum
C-Marker
D Sand
E Sand
2500
2600
Fault
Well 1 Well 2 Well 3
Base sand
Missing in well 2
STRUCTURAL CORRELATION
Datum : on the same depths (usually TVD) for all wells
To represent the GOC/GWC or OWC contacts on its true
structural position

For field development, the correlation is to display other
applicable well information that needs true structural positions
2500
2600
2500
2600
2500
2600
STRUCTURAL CORRELATION
Fault
Well 1 Well 2 Well 3
Datum on same
TVDSS
2500
2600
2500
2600
C-Marker
D Sand
E Sand
2500
2600
STRUCTURAL CORRELATION
Fault
Well 1 Well 2 Well 3
Base sand
Correlations
Well: A Well: B Well: C Well: D
Well: A Well: B Well: C Well: D
1
4
1
2
4
1
2
4
1
2
3
3
BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION
Well: A Well: B Well: C Well: D
1
4
1
2
4
1
2
4
1
2
3
3
LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION
Van Wagoner et al. 1990
Correlations
NO. 3 NO. 27 NO. 15 NO. 10 NO. 2
SP
Amplified
Short Normal
E1 MARKER = DATUM
CORRELATION EXCERCISE
NO. 3 NO. 27 NO. 15 NO. 10 NO. 2
SP
Amplified
Short Normal
CORRELATION EXCERCISE = SOLUTION
E1 MARKER = DATUM
CORRELATION EXCERCISE
GR
GR GR
GR GR
Structures
RIP-UP CLASTS, PEBBLES
WAVE RIPPLE
HUMMOCKY X-BEDS
CURRENT RIPPLE
PLANAR BEDS
THROUGH X-BEDS
0 140 0 140 0 140 0 140 0 140
CORRELATION EXCERCISE = SOLUTION
FS/SB
SB
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
Truncated stacked sands
GR GR GR GR GR
Fluvial Channel
Shoreface
Tidal Delta
Shelf Mudstone
(Marine)
Swamp Mudstone-Terrestrial
FS