HVAC | Slide 1 of 29 May 2006

Heating, Ventilation and Air-

Conditioning (HVAC)


Part 2:
HVAC systems and components
Supplementary Training Modules on
Good Manufacturing Practice
Section 7
HVAC | Slide 2 of 29 May 2006
Objectives

In the following slides, we will study the components of air-
handling systems in order to:

1. Become familiar with the components

2. Know their functions

3. Become aware of possible problems
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 3 of 29 May 2006
HVAC
General
Design of HVAC is dependent on required degree of air
cleanliness
Suitable components should be selected including:
fans,
driers,
filters,
ducts, grilles, etc.
7.
HVAC | Slide 4 of 29 May 2006
+
Production Room
Exhaust air treatment
Central air handling unit
Terminal air treatment
at production room level
Fresh air treatment
(make-up air)
HVAC Main subsystems
HVAC | Slide 5 of 29 May 2006
HVAC
Components
Components in HVAC may include, depending on need:
Filters
Fans
no fan failure; including supply air fans, return air fans,
exhaust air fan, dust extract system fans
Driers
Drying of air with chemical driers, e.g. rotating desiccant
wheel
Frost coils for preheating air
7.1.1 7.1.7
HVAC | Slide 6 of 29 May 2006
HVAC
Components
Components in HVAC may include, depending on need:
Snow eliminators
Dust eliminators
Moisture eliminators
Precooling coils
Alarm systems, grilles/diffusers, etc.
7.1.1 7.1.7
HVAC | Slide 7 of 29 May 2006
Filter Silencer
Terminal filter
Weather louvre
Control damper
Fan
Flow rate controller
Humidifier
Heating
coil
Cooling coil
with droplet
separator
Production Room
Overview components
+
Prefilter
Exhaust Air Grille
Heater
Secondary Filter
Recirculated air
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 8 of 29 May 2006
Weather louvre

Silencer

Flow rate controller

Control damper
To prevent insects, leaves, dirt and rain
from entering
To reduce noise caused by air
circulation
Automated adjustment of volume of air
(night and day, pressure control)
Fixed adjustment of volume of air
Components (1)
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 9 of 29 May 2006
Heating unit

Cooling unit/
dehumidifier


Humidifier

Filters

Ducts
To heat the air to the proper
temperature
To cool the air to the required
temperature or to remove moisture
from the air
To bring the air to the proper humidity,
if too low
To eliminate particles of predetermined
dimensions and/or microorganisms
To transport the air
Components (2)
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 10 of 29 May 2006
Control damper for airflow
De-humidification
Filter Pressure
Gauges
AHU with fan Variable
Speed Controller
Humid room air
Air heater
Regeneration air
Humid room air
Adsorber wheel
Dry air
Air-handling unit
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 11 of 29 May 2006
Humidifier Silencer Heating and
cooling units
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 12 of 29 May 2006
Filter classes
Dust filters
Standard Aerosol
Fine Coarse ULPA HEPA
10 m > Dp > 1 m
Dp > 10 m
Dp < 1 m
F5 - F9 G1 - G4 U 14- 17 H 11 - 13
EN 1822 Standard EN 779 Standard
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 13 of 29 May 2006
Primary panel filter
Secondary filter
HEPA or tertiary filter
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 14 of 29 May 2006
Average Efficiency
Integral Value
Peak Arrestance
Local Value
Retention in
%
Penetration Efficiency Penetration
F9 85 0.15
H11 95 0.05
H12 99.5 5x10
-3
97.5 25x10
-3
H13 99.95 5x10
-4
99.75 25x10
-4
U14 99.995 5x10
-5
99.975 25x10
-5
Classification of filters according to their efficiency
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 15 of 29 May 2006


Positioning of filters (1)
Filter in terminal position AHU mounted final filter
Production Room
+
Production Room
HEPA Filter
HEPA Filter
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 16 of 29 May 2006
Prefilter
AHU
Main filter
1
2 3
Low level exhausts
Ceiling
exhausts
Positioning of filters (2)
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 17 of 29 May 2006
AHU
Prefilter
Final filter
2 1
Positioning of filters (3)
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 18 of 29 May 2006
Swirl Type air diffusors with
terminal filters
1 Filter
2 Tightening frame
3 Register outlet
4 Screw fixation for register
1
2
3
4
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 19 of 29 May 2006
Low induction
swirl diffusor
(preferred)
High induction
office type diffusor
(avoid)
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 20 of 29 May 2006
Regulation of room pressure pressure differentials concept
Room pressure
gauges
Room pressure indication panel
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 21 of 29 May 2006
Flow rate controller
Control damper

Humidifier

Cooling battery

Filters

Ducts
Blocked
Poorly adjusted, bad pressure
differential system
Bad water/steam quality/
poor drainage
No elimination of condensed water/
poor drainage
Incorrect retention rate/damaged/badly
installed
Inappropriate material/internal insulator
leaking
Problems with components
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 22 of 29 May 2006
HVAC
In the next slides
Consider different air types, e.g.:
Supply air
Return air (recirculated air)
Fresh air (make-up air)
Exhaust air
And: Concepts of air delivery to production areas:
Recirculation systems
Full fresh-air systems
HVAC | Slide 23 of 29 May 2006
+
Production Room
Exhaust
air
Return air
(recirculated)
Fresh air
(make-up air)
Supply
air
Air types
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 24 of 29 May 2006
HVAC
Recirculation systems
There should be no risk of contamination and cross-
contamination when air is recirculated
Normally, HEPA filters (EN1822 H13) needed in supply air
stream
Not required in single product facility with no risk of cross-contamination
Not required where no dust generation (e.g. secondary packaging)
HEPA filters placed in AHU or terminally
Dust from highly toxic processes should not be recirculated
7.2.1 7.2.6
HVAC | Slide 25 of 29 May 2006
Ventilation with recirculated air + make-up air
Central Air-Handling Unit
Return air
Exhaust Unit
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 26 of 29 May 2006
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 27 of 29 May 2006
HVAC
Full fresh-air systems
100% fresh air - normally where toxic products are processed,
and recirculation not recommended
No contamination from fresh air sufficient filtration needed
Degree of filtration on exhaust dependent on exhaust air
contaminants and environment regulations
Energy-recovery wheels
Should not be source of contamination
Relative pressure between supply and exhaust air
7.3.1 7.3.3
HVAC | Slide 28 of 29 May 2006
Ventilation with 100% fresh air (no air recirculation)
W
Washer (optional)
Central Air-Handling Unit
Production Rooms
Exhaust Unit
HVAC
HVAC | Slide 29 of 29 May 2006
HVAC