OXIDATION

TYPES OF OXIDATION
OXIDIZING AGENTS
OXIDATION OF ACETALDEHYDE
OXIDATION
The removal of hydrogen or addition of oxygen in a compound
is called
TYPES OF OXIDATION
OXIDIZING AGENTS
OXIDATION OF ACETALDEHYDE
 OXIDATION
Dehydrogenation
Introduction of Oxygen
 TYPES OF and
Dehydrogenation OXIDATION
Oxidation
Dehydrogenation along with molecular
OXIDIZING AGENTS
condensation
Oxidation of Sulfur Compounds
 OXIDATION
Oxidation of Olefins OF ACETALDEHYDE
Nitric Acid
Fuming Sulfuric Acid

OXIDATION
Hypochlorous acid and Salts
Peroxides
TYPES OF OXIDATION
Lead Peroxide (PbO2)

OXIDIZING AGENTS
Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
Manganese Peroxide (MnO2)
OXIDATION OF ACETALDEHYDE
Sodium Peroxide (Na2O2)
Permanganates
Dichromates
Chromic Acid Solution
 brine w ate r
n itr o g e n

A c etic A c id S till
A ceta ld eh y d e S till

OXIDATION co o led heat

exchanger
w ater
TYPES OF OXIDATION

Scrub ber
ste am

h ea t
ex ch a n g er

OXIDIZING AGENTS
A ce ty len e H y d ra tio n

w a s te ste am
A ceta ld eh y d e fro m

O X ID IZ IN G
K ETTLE

OXIDATION OF ACETALDEHYDE c atalyst

air at 7 0
W e ak A c id R e fin e d (lb / in 2 )
C H 3C H O C H 3C H O
CRUDE R E F IN E D
A C E T IC A C ID A C E T IC A C ID
 OXIDATION OF ACETALDEHYDE
Acetaldehyde is produced by hydration
of Acetylene in crude form having
bbr ri ni en e 45 – 55 % w ate r
strength n itr o g e n

A c etic A c id S till
A ceta ld eh y d e S till
Hydrolysis of Acetylene:
C2H2 (g) + H2O (l)  co o led heat
exchanger
CH3CHO (l) w ater

Scrub ber
ss tt ee aa mm

hh ee aa tt
ee x c hh aa nn gg ee rr
This crude Acetaldehyde passes to heat
exchanger
w aa ss ttee and then to Acetaldehyde Still,
A c e t y l e n e H yy dd rr aa tt ii oo nn

ste am
A c e t a l d e h y d e ff r oo mm

O X ID IZ IN G
it comes to 99 – 99.8 % pure K ETTLE

c atalyst
The steam is introduced in Still just
because of heating purpose
air at 7 0
WW e ea ak k A A c ci di d RR ee f fi inn ee dd (lb / in 2 )
CC HH 3 3CC H HO O CC HH 3 3CC HH OO CRUDE R E F IN E D
A C E T IC A C ID A C E T IC A C ID
 OXIDATION OF ACETALDEHYDE
 Kettle is made up of an aluminum-lined steel vessel, fitted
with aluminum coils for heating brine
and cooling purpose w a t e r
 Acetaldehyde of 99.0 - 99.8% strength pre-cooled nn i i ttrr oo g g e ento
n
0-5C

A c etic A c id S till
is introduced in the vessel A ceta ld eh y d e S till
 Potassium acetate catalyst is added
K 2 Cr 2 O 7 c c oo oo ll ee d heat
exchanger
CH3s CHO  w aw t ae tr e r

SS cc rr uu bb bb ee rr
te am
When h reaction
ea t
CH3oxygen
starts, COOH absorption from the
incoming e x c h a n g e r
air
w a s t is
e almost complete andthe heat removed by cooling
A ce ty len e H y d ra tio n

ste am
A ceta ld eh y d e fro m

water OO XX I IDD II ZZ I N G
KK EE TT TT L E
to maintain the temp  The temperature is controlled that
cc aa t taa l ly ys st t
after 1 hour, it should be 27C
after 2 hours, it should be 28–30C
after 4 hours, it should be 60C
aa i i rr aa t 7 0
 Reaction time is about 12–14 hours
W e ak A c id R e fin e d ( (l l bb // ii n 2 )
C H 3C H O  The
C H pressure
CHO of kettle keeps C65.3psi
3
RUDE R E F IN E D
A C E T IC A C ID A C E T IC A C ID

 Nitrogen is vented through a series of condensers at the top

 OXIDATION OF ACETALDEHYDE

brine w ater
n itr o g e n

A c etic A c id S till
A ceta ld eh y d e S till Acetic acid is collected from plant having a
strength 65% heat
co o led
exchanger
w ater

Scrub ber
ste am

h ea t
ex ch a n g er

steam
A ce ty len e H y d ra tio n

w a s te
A ceta ld eh y d e fro m

O X ID IZ IN G
K ETTLE

To increasing c a t a l ythe

st purity, we use AceticAcid
Still just like in Acetaldehyde Still and by this
process we get Acetic acid of strength
exceeding
a i r a t 7 0 96%.
W e ak A c id R e fin e d (lb / in 2 )
C H 3C H O C H 3C H O
CRUDE R E F IN E D
A C E T IC A C ID A C E T IC A C ID
MUHAMMAD SERVER REHMANI

MUHAMMAD ASIF SALEEM