0 valutazioniIl 0% ha trovato utile questo documento (0 voti)
192 visualizzazioni20 pagine
ACFE fraud Tree Descriptors financial fraud asset misappropriation Corruption fraudster executive management Employees 2 Parties Sizes of Fraud Largest Smallest Medium Freq of Fraud 7,9% 92,7% 30% Motivation stock Prices, Bonuses, Personal Pressures Challenge, Business Materiality Likely Unlikely Depends Benefactors company and fraudster.
ACFE fraud Tree Descriptors financial fraud asset misappropriation Corruption fraudster executive management Employees 2 Parties Sizes of Fraud Largest Smallest Medium Freq of Fraud 7,9% 92,7% 30% Motivation stock Prices, Bonuses, Personal Pressures Challenge, Business Materiality Likely Unlikely Depends Benefactors company and fraudster.
ACFE fraud Tree Descriptors financial fraud asset misappropriation Corruption fraudster executive management Employees 2 Parties Sizes of Fraud Largest Smallest Medium Freq of Fraud 7,9% 92,7% 30% Motivation stock Prices, Bonuses, Personal Pressures Challenge, Business Materiality Likely Unlikely Depends Benefactors company and fraudster.
Descriptors Financial Fraud Asset Misappropriation Corruption Fraudster Executive Management Employees 2 Parties Sizes of Fraud Largest Smallest Medium Freq of Fraud 7,9% 92,7% 30% Motivation Stock Prices, Bonuses Personal Pressures Challenge, Business Materiality Likely Unlikely Depends Benefactors Company and fraudster Fraudster (against company) Fraudster Size of victim company Large Small Depends IT Auditing & Assurance, 2e, Hall & Singleton FRAUD TREE Asset misappropriation fraud 1. Stealing something of value usually cash or inventory (i.e., asset theft) 2. Converting asset to usable form 3. Concealing the crime to avoid detection 4. Usually, perpetrator is an employee Financial fraud 1. Does not involve direct theft of assets 2. Often objective is to obtain higher stock price (i.e., financial fraud) 3. Typically involves misstating financial data to gain additional compensation, promotion, or escape penalty for poor performance 4. Often escapes detection until irreparable harm has been done 5. Usually, perpetrator is executive management Corruption fraud 1. Bribery, etc. FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEME Timing Difference Fictitious Revenues Concealed Liabilities In adequate disclosure Improper Assets Valuation Timing Differences (Improper Treatment of Sales) 1. Channel Stuffing: Memindahkan inventory kepada cabang atau Sales People dan dicatat sebagai penjualan. 2. Early revenue recognition : Kontrak penjualan jasa selama 3 tahun dianggap sebagai sales tahun berjalan.
Fictitious Revenues 1. Recording sales that never ocurred. 2. Sebuah perusahaan reasuransi, membuat polis asuransi aspal, dan dicatat sebagai penerimaan perusahaan. Concelaed Labilities (Improper Recording of Liabilities) 1. Menunda mencatat Utang Dagang. 2. Memindahkan Utang Dagang ke perusahaan anak. 3. Sengaja tidka mencatat adanya Utang Dagang. Inadequate Disclosure Tidak mengungkapkan seluruh informasi yang sesuai standar akuntansi harus diungkapkan. Standar mengatakan bahwa perusahaan harus mengungkapkan apabila ada aktiva tetap atau piutang yang dijaminkan dll. Improper Assets Valuation 1. Inflating the value of receivables, inventory, and long lived assets. 2. Caranya dengan mendebet rekening asset dan mengkredit rekening equity. 3. WorldCom: Meyakinkan biaya sewa telpon yang jumlahnya Milyaran dolar menjadi aktiva. Sehingga daftar R/L menjadi tampak lebih baik. CORRUPTION SCHEME Conflict of Interest Bribery Illegal Gratuities Economic Extortion Conflict of Interest 1. If employee, manager, or executive has undisclosed economic or personal interest in transaction that adversely affects the company. a. Purchases Scheme b. Sales Scheme c. Other Schemes Bribery Offering, giving, receiving, or solisiting anything of value to influence an official act or business decision.
Illegal Gratuities Similar to Bribes but not necessarily there is an intent to influence a busnisess decision. Menerima hadiah setelah suatu keputusan terjadi. Termasuk ilegal karena menerima hadiah di atas jumlah tertentu pada entity tertentu dilarang. Economic Extortion Economic extortion is the opposite of bribery fraud. Instead of a vendor offering a bribe, the employee demands payment from a vendor in order to favor the vendor. ASSET MISAPPROPRIATION SCHEMES DEFINITION The act of misappropriating or turning to a wrongful purpose ; wrong appropriation, a term that does not necessarily mean peculation, although it mean that. The term may also embrace the taking and using of anothers property for sole purpose of capitalizing unfairly on good will and reputation ov propertu owner. (Blacks Law Dictionary) to appropriate wrongly (as by theft of embezzlement) (Websters Dictionary) ASSET MISAPPROPRIATION SCHEMES DEFINITION Misappropriation includes more than teheft or embezzelment. It involves the misuse of any company asset for personal use. (Joe Wells). ASSET MISAPPROPRIATION SCHEMES CASH Larceny: intentional taking of an employers cash. Fraudulent Disbursement: a distribution of funds is made from some company account in what appears to be normal manner. Billing Scheme: using companys accounting system to steal funds by submitting bogus claims to pay the vendor. Payroll Scheme: using companys accounting system to steal funds by submitting bogus claim to pay the employee.
ASSET MISAPPROPRIATION SCHEMES CASH Expense Reimbursement Scheme: taking funds from the company by submitting falsified business expense and gain fraudulent reimbursement check from the victim. Check Tempering Scheme: Fraudster preparing fraudulent check. Register Disbursement Scheme: removing moey from a register, where the removal is recorded on the register system. Skimming: Stealing funds before booking entry is made. Receivables: Lapping Scheme
ASSET MISAPPROPRIATION SCHEMES INVENTORY AND OTHER ASSETS Misuse: usually involves equipment. Larceny