CH# 6

WHAT IS OUT PUT?

Out put is data that has been
processed into a useful form. That
is, computer process input (data)
into output (information).

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 Types of Out put
• While working with a computer, a user
encounters four basic categories of output:
text, graphics, audio, and video.

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• Text-Example of text-based documents
are memorandums, letters,
announcements, press release, reports,
advertisements, newsletters, envelopes,
and mailing labels.
• Graphics-Documents often include
graphics to enhance their visual appeal
and convey information.

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• Audio-Users insert their favorite music CD
in a CD or DVD drive and listen to the
music while working on the computer.

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• Video-As with audio, software and Web
sites often include video clips to enhance
understanding. Users watch a live or
prerecorded news repots, view a movie,
see a doctor perform a life-saving surgery,
observe a hurricane in action, or enjoy a
live performance of their favorite jazz band
on the computer.

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 DISPLAY DEVICES
• A display device, or simply display, is an
output device that visually conveys text,
graphics, and video information.
Information on a display device,
sometimes called soft copy, exists
electronically and appears for a temporary
period.

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 Types of Display Devices
• Two types of display devices are CRT
monitors and flat-panel display.

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 CRT MONITORS

• A CRT monitor is a desktop monitor that is

similar to a standard television because it
contains a cathode-ray tube. A cathode-ray tube
(CRT) is a large, sealed glass tube. The front of
the tube is the screen. Tiny dots of phosphor
material coat the screen on a CRT. Each dot
consists of a red, a green, and a blue phosphor.
The three dots combine to make up each pixel.

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A pixel is a single point in an electronic
image. Inside the CRT, an electron beam
moves back and forth across the back of
the screen. This causes the dots on the
front of the screen to glow, which produces
an image on the screen.
CRT monitors for desktop computers
are available in various sizes, with the
more common being 15,17,19,21, and 22
inches.
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 Quality of a CRT Monitor
• The quality of a CRT monitor depends largely on
its resolution, dot pitch and refresh rate.
Resolution describes the sharpness and
clearness of an image. Manufactures state the
resolution of a monitor in pixels. For example, a
monitor set at an 800-*600 resolution display,
up to 800 pixels per horizontal inch and 600
pixels per vertical inch, for total of 480,000 pixels
to create a screen image.

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 HOW VIDEO TRAVELS FROM THE
PROCESSOR TO A CRT MONITOR
• Step 1:
The processor sends digital video data to
the video card.
• Step 2:
The video card’s digital-to-analog
converter (DAC) converts the digital video
data to an analog signal.
• Step 3:
The analog signal is sent through a cable
to the CRT monitor.
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• Step 4:
The CRT monitor separates the analog
signal into red, green, and blue signals.
• Step 5:
Electron guns fire the three color signals
to the front of the CRT.
• Step 6:
An image is displayed on the screen.
When the electrons hit phosphor dots on
the back of the screen.
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 FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS
• A flat-panel display is a display device with
a shallow depth that does not use CRT
technology. LCD monitors, LCD screens,
gas plasma monitors, and many HDTV’s
are types of flat-panel displays.

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 LCD Monitors and Screen
• An LCD monitor, also called an LCD flat
panel monitor, is a desktop monitor that
uses a liquid crystal display instead of a
cathode-ray tube to produce images
(Figure 6-9). These monitors produce
sharp, flicker-free images.

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 LCD Technology
• A liquid crystal display (LCD) uses a
liquid compound to present information on
a display computer LCD’s typically have
fluorescent tubes that emit light waves
toward the liquid crystal cells, which are
sandwiched between two sheets of
material (Figure 6-12). When an electrical
charge passes through the cells, the cells
twist. This twisting causes some light
waves to be blocked and allows others to
pass through, creating images on the
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 Gas Plasma Monitors
• A gas plasma monitor is a display device
that uses gas plasma technology, which
substitutes a layer of gas for the liquid
crystal material in an LCD monitor. When
voltage is applied, the gas release
ultraviolet (UV) screen to glow and form
an image.

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 PRINTERS
• A printer is an output device that produces
text. And graphics on a physical medium
such as paper or transparency film.
Printed information, called hard copy,
exists physical and is a more permanent
form of output than that presented on a
display device (soft copy).

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 Impact Printers
• An impact printer forms characters and graphics
on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism
against an inked ribbon that physically contacts
the paper. Impact printers characteristically are
noisy because of this striking activity.
• Two commonly used types of impact printers
are dot-matrix printers and line printers.

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 Dot-Matrix Printers
• A dot-matrix printers is an impact printer
that produces printed images when tiny
wire pins on a print head mechanism
strike an inked ribbon. When the ribbon
presses against the paper, it creates dots
that form characters and graphics.

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 LINE Printers
• A line printer is a high-speed impact
printer that prints an entire line at a time
(Figure 6-18). The speed of a line printer
is measured by the number of lines per
minute (1pm) it can print. Some line
printers print as many as 3,000 1pm.

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 Non impact Printers
• A non impact printer forms characters and
graphics on a piece of paper without
actually striking the paper. Some spray
ink, while others use heat or pressure to
create images.

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