CHEMICAL BONDING

PRESENTED BY:
MOHAMMAD FAYIZ AKHTAR
SP05-AA-0017

PRESENTED TO:
AFSHEEN KHALIL

PRESENTED ON:
04-OCT-2006
 CHEMICAL BONDING
Chemical bonding is defined as:
“ The attractive force that acts between two or
more atoms to hold them together as a stable
molecule.”

Why chemical bonds are formed?

Every element wants to get stability of noble
gases.
So every element wants to complete its duplet or
octet.
 CHEMICAL BONDING
TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS

There are three types of chemical bonds:

•Ionic Bond
•Covalent Bond
•Co-ordinate Covalent Bond
 IONIC BONDS

“The electrostatic charge

between the cation(+) and
anion(-) produced by
electrons transference i.e
either by gaining electron
or loosing electron.”
Example: NaCl, KCl,
MgO etc.
 COVALENT BONDS
“The bond is formed by
the mutual sharing of
electrons between two
atoms.”

The shared pair of

electron is indicated by
a dash (-) between the
two bonded atoms.
 COVALENT BONDS

TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS

• Single Covalent Bond

• Double Covalent Bond

• Tripple Covalent Bond

 COVALENT BONDS
SINGLE COVALENT BOND
Single covalent bond is defined as:
“covalent bond formed by the mutual sharing of
one electron pair.”

Single covalent bond is denoted by single dash(-).

EXAMPLE:
H-Cl , H-H , Cl-Cl etc.
 COVALENT BONDS
DOUBLE COVALENT BOND
Double Covalent bond is defined as:
“covalent bond formed by the mutual sharing of
two electron pairs.”

Double Covalent bond is denoted by two straight

lines (=).

EXAMPLE:
O=O ,
 COVALENT BONDS
TRIPPLE COVALENT BOND
Triple Covalent bond is defined as:
“covalent bond formed by the mutual sharing of
three electron pairs”

Triple Covalent bond is denoted by three straight

lines (≡).

EXAMPLE:
N≡N , H-C≡C-H , etc.
 IONIC COVALENT
COMPOUNDS COMPOUNDS
Formed by the mutual
Formed by the transference sharing of electrons.
of electron. They exists in solids, liquids
They are hard and solids. and gases.
High melting and boiling
Low melting and boiling
points.
points.
They are non volatile.
Held together by Mostly they are volatile.
electrostatic force of Held together by Vander
attraction. Waals force.
CO-ORDINATE COVALENT BOND

Co-ordinate covalent bond is defined as :

“a covalent bond in which the shared pair of
electron is donated by one atom only i.e the bond
contain on electron pair donor and the other is
electron acceptor.”
Co-ordinate Covalent bond is denoted by an
arrow(→) towards the electron pair acceptor
EXAMPLE:
NH4. All the N-H bonds are identical, once the co-
ordinate bond N→H is established.
+
 THE END

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