BY : RAGA AHMED BUZGHAI A

I NTERN , UNI VERSI TY OF BENGHAZI -

FACULTY OF MEDI CI NE DENTAL
DEPARTMENT
LI BYA
Dental stem cells : an overview
of future dentistry
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The recent discovery of dental stem cells in 2000 by
a researcher at the National Institutes of Health
USA , has developed a wide range of possiblities in
the regeneration of the different tissues and organs .
Researches have been carried out the past years
evolving a new branch in dentistry known as
regenerative dentistry
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Introduction
Stem cells are immature, unspecialized cells in the
body that are able to grow into specialized cell types
by a process known as differentiation.
There are two primary sources of stem cells:
embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
Adult stem cells are found in many tissues
including dental pulp .
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It is now known that adult stem cells taken from one
area of the body can be transplanted into another
area and grown into a completely different type of
tissue.
Dental stem cells are being studied for a wide range
of diseases due to their ability to form connective ,
neural , muscle , bone and dental tissues .


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History
2000: Dental pulp stem cells discovered by a researcher
at the National Institutes of Health.

2003: National Institutes of Health announces viable
stem cells are in dental pulp of teeth.
2004 to present: Over 1,000 published studies
identifying therapeutic potential of dental mesenchymal
stem cells.

2008: Surgeons from Spain announced the worlds first
tissue-engineered whole organ transplant procedure,
using a trachea made with the patients own adult
mesenchymal stem cells.

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2009: Scientists from Italy announced the first-ever
human clinical application using patients
own dental stem cells to repair mandibular bone
defects.
2011 : a study showed that stem cells from teeth can
create islet- like cells which produce insulin ( a
potential therapy for type 1 diabetes ) .
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Dental stem cells are present in various dental
tissues , including both deciduous and permanent
teeth .(periodontal ligament,
Apical papilla, and dental follicle) .

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Therapeutic potential
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Pulp and tooth regeneration,
Repairing craniofacial and Skeletal bone,
Myocardial infarction (heart attack),
Tissue ischemia, diabetes, spinal cord
injury,
Muscular dystrophy, stroke, cornea repair,
Liver disease, Alzheimers and Parkinsons
disease.
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Studies showed the role of stem cell and guided
tissue regeneration in periodontal treatment , in
making of Bio-tooth , in regenerating pulp like tissue
for regenerative endodontics , in dental implantology
and in regeneration of craniofacial structure .
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Dental pulp stem cells
stem cells derived from the dental pulp can form
pulp like tissue , in future it is possible to replace
infected pulp tissue of a paining tooth with newly
generated pulp like tissue instead of doing RCT ,thus
preserving the vitality of the tooth regenerative
endodotics .
It also has the ability to form bone that is useful for
the osseointegration of dental implants, thus
increaseing its success rate .
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Stem cells of Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth
- have higher rate of proliferation
- have potential to form bone which is usefu during
osseointegration of dental implants
- have the potential to repair calvarial defects in
immunocompromised mice .
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Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
- have potentials of regenerating typical cementum
and periodontal ligament like structure .
- tissue of the periodontium made by stem cell can
be used as a treatment modality to replace the
diseased periodontium around teeth so as
treatment to mobility of teeth .
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Stem Cells from Apical Papilla
- can only be isolated at certain specific stages of
the development of tooth.

- dental papilla contain higher number of adult
stem cells than mature dental pulp, thus have a
greater potential for regenerating dentin than
DPSCs
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Dental Follicle Precursor Cells
-dental follicles contain progenitor cells which have
the capability of differentiating into cementum
forming cells (cementoblasts), osteoblasts of the
alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

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Conclusion

As the research in this
field continuing on with
promising future , we
may be able in the near
future to implant a bio
tooth primordium into a
patients gum in the
place of a removed or
lost tooth.
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After implantation, it
would grow, form roots
that would attach
themselves to the jaw,
and eventually erupt into
the mouth after only
few weeks.


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Although many studies have to be conducted
before applying such therapeutic modalities,
the dental stem cells represent a powerful tool
which holds a significant potential for advancement
in the field of regenerative dentistry and medicine.
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References
review article : Therapeutic Potential of Stem cells in Regenerative
Dentistry; a Review of Literature by Rizwan Abdul Rasheed Shaikh.
INTERNATIONAL DENTAL JOURNAL OF STUDENTS RESEARCH| Feb
2013-May 2013| Volume 1| Issue 4 .

Review article : Dental Stem Cells and Their Potential Role in Regenerative
Medicine by Mohamed Jamal,, Sami Chogle,
Harold Goodis and Sherif M. Karam .

www.store-a-tooth.com
www.dentistryiq.com
www.dentalaegis.com


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