Diversity of Modern Life

Kingdom Monera (Monerans)

Smallest and simplest
lifeforms
Unicellular (one-celled)
no nucleus
Bacteria and cyanobacteria
Bacteria
Three basic shapes:
round (cocci)
rod (bacilli)
spiral (spirilli)
Questions
What are two characteristics of
the organisms in Kingdom
Monera?
What is meant by unicellular?
What are the three shapes of
bacteria?
Kingdom Protista(Protists)
Single-celled or multicellular
more complex than organisms
in Kingdom Monera
nucleus
protozoans (animal-like)
algae (plant-like)
Protozoans
Kingdom Protista
no cell wall or chlorophyll
internal digestion
no locomotion (some)
Algae
Cell walls
Chlorophyll
Photosynthetic
Placed in groups according to
color and structure
Questions
What are some characteristics
of Protists?
What are the two types of
Protists?
How are the two types of
Protists different?
Kingdom Fungi
Multicellular; complex
cell walls, no chlorophyll
Threadlike fungi (bread mold)
club fungi (mushrooms)
sac fungi (yeast and mildew)
Questions
What are some characteristics
of Fungi?
What are the three groups of
fungi?
Kingdom Plantae
Multicellular, cell walls, and
chlorophyll
Largest and longest-living
things on Earth
Vascular or Nonvascular
Nonvascular Plants
CANNOT conduct water
Example: Moss
Moist environment
Vascular Plants
CAN conduct water
Capable of living in drier areas
Club mosses, Ferns, Horsetails,
Gymnosperms, and
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Seed plant
name means naked seed
Most are conifers
Angiosperms -Flowering Plants
Seed plant
name means covered seed
Seeds are produced inside
ovaries
A ripened ovary is a fruit
largest/most diverse plants

Questions
What is the major difference
between a gymnosperm and an
angiosperm?
What are three plant
characteristics?
How are vascular and non
vascular plants different?
Sponges (invertebrate)
Simplest of the animal groups
lives in salt water attached to
the bottom
Hollow central cavity
Two layers of body cells with
tiny pores
Coelenterates (invertebrate)
Jellyfish, hydras, and corals
two cell layers
Live in water
hollow body with a single
opening


Questions
What are three similarities
between coelenterates and
sponges?
Flatworms (invertebrate)
Flattened body; mostly
parasitic
one body opening
two eyespots (light detection)
Turbellarians (free-living)
Planarians (freshwater
Turbellarians)
Roundworms (invertebrate)
Rounded shaped
two body openings (eating and
waste expulsion)
mostly free-living
Ex: Nematodes and hookworms
Segmented Worms (invertebrate)
Rounded, segmented bodies
two body openings
has five hearts and a brain
Ex: leeches and marine tube
worms
Questions
In what major way are the three
types of worms different?
How are the segmented worms
MOST similar to the
roundworms?

Mollusks (invertebrate)
Soft-bodies, no shell:
(octopus/squid)
well-developed organs
some with shells:
(clams/oysters)


Arthropods (invertebrate)
Largest group of animals
multiple body segments
jointed appendages
(legs/arms)
exoskeleton (hard outer
covering)
Arthropods (continued)
Well-developed organs
insects, lobsters, crabs, and
spiders
Echinoderms (invertebrate)
Spiny skinned animals
star fish (sea stars), sand
dollars, sea cucumbers
flexible arms; tube feet
known for regeneration (ability
to grow new body parts)
Questions
What is the major similarity
between mollusks,
echinoderms, and arthropods?
Which group of organisms are
known for regeneration?
What is regeneration?
Questions
What is the largest group of
animals?
Describe an invertebrate.
An octopus and a clam belong
to what group of invertebrates?
How is an endoskelton different
from an exoskeleton?

Vertebrates
Have backbones
body with a head and most have
appendages
endoskeleton (internal
skeleton for
support/protection)
Vertebrates (continued)
Endotherm (warm- blooded);
these organisms can control
their body temperature from
within despite changes in the
environment

Vertebrates (continued)
Ectotherm (cold-blooded); body
temperature changes with the
environment
Questions
What is the difference between
an ectotherm and an
endotherm?
How is a vertebrate different
from an invertebrate?
Jawless fishes
Ex: Sea lamprey
mouth is used for sucking
fluids; no appendages (fins)
flexible skeleton made of
cartilage
ectotherms
Cartilaginous Fishes
Two pairs of fins; gills
ectotherms
strong teeth (sharks)
SKELETON MADE OF CARTILAGE
stingrays, skates, sharks
Bony fishes
Flounder, eels, trout, and others
SKELETON MADE OF BONE
gills
streamlined bodies (narrow
shape)
most numerous group of fish
Questions
How are the cartilaginous
fishes mainly different from the
bony fishes?
What do the other fishes have
that the jawless fishes do not
have?

Amphibians
Frogs, toads, salamanders
part of their life is spent on land
and part of life is spent in the
water; (ectotherms)
smooth, moist skin
gills when they are young and
have lungs as adults

Reptiles
Adapted to live on land
(terrestrial)
breathe with lungs
body covered with plates or
scales
ectotherms
Reptiles
Dinosaurs
Turtles, snakes, lizards,
crocodiles, and alligators
lay eggs in a leathery shell
Birds
Bodies adapted for flight (light,
bones, feathers, and wings)
Scaly legs and feet
lay eggs in a hard shell
endotherms
Mammals
Advanced nervous system;
highly developed brain
Endotherms
Hairy bodies
can occupy several habitats
give birth to live young;
produce milk mammary glands
Questions
Which animals spend part of
their life on and part of it in the
water?
What type of animals have
scales or or hard plates?
Questions
Which two groups of animals
are warm-blooded?
What is the difference between
the eggs of reptiles and birds?