Objectives:

1. To determine if a
relation is a function
2. To find the domain
and range of a
function
3. To evaluate
functions

As a class, use your
vast mathematical
knowledge to define
each of these words
without the aid of
your textbook.

Relation Function
Input Output
Domain Range
Set-Builder
Notation
Interval Notation
Function
Notation
A mathematical relation is the pairing up
(mapping) of inputs and outputs.
A mathematical relation is the pairing up
(mapping) of inputs and outputs.

Domain: the set of all input values
Range: the set of all output values
A toaster is an example of a function. You put in
bread, the toaster performs a toasting
function, and out pops toasted bread.
What comes out of a toaster?
It depends on what you put in.
You cant input bread and expect a waffle!
A function is a relation
in which each input
has exactly one
output.
A function is a
dependent relation
Output depends on
the input
Relations
Functions
A function is a relation
in which each input
has exactly one
output.
Each output does not
necessarily have only
one input
Relations
Functions
If you think of the
inputs as boys and
the output as girls,
then a function
occurs when each
boy has only one
girlfriend. Otherwise
the boy gets in BIG
trouble.
Darth Vadar as a Procurer.
Tell whether or not each table represents a
function. Give the domain and range of each
relationship.
The size of a set is called its cardinality. What
must be true about the cardinalities of the
domain and range of any function?
Which sets of ordered pairs represent functions?
1. {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (5, 6)}
2. {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5)}
3. {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1)}
4. {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5)}
Which of the
following
graphs
represent
functions?
What is an
easy way to
tell that
each input
has only one
output?
A relation is a function iff no vertical line
intersects the graph of the relation at more
than one point
Function Not a Function
If it does, then
an input
has more
than one
output.
To determine if an equation represents a
function, try solving the thing for y.
Make sure that there is only one value of y for
every value of x.
Determine whether each equation represents y
as a function of x.
1. x
2
+2y = 4

2. (x + 3)
2
+ (y 5)
2
= 36
Since the domain or range of a function is often
an infinite set of values, it is often convenient
to represent your answers in set-builder
notation.
Examples:
{x | x < -2} reads the set of all x such that x is
less than negative 2.
Since the domain or range of a function is often
an infinite set of values, it is often convenient
to represent your answers in set-builder
notation.
Examples:
{x : x < -2} reads the set of all x such that x is
less than negative 2.
Another way to describe an infinite set of
numbers is with interval notation.
Parenthesis indicate that first or last number
is not in the set:
Example: (-, -2) means the same thing as x < -2
Neither the negative infinity or the negative 2 are
included in the interval
Always write the smaller number, bigger number
Another way to describe an infinite set of
numbers is with interval notation.
Brackets indicate that first or last number is in
the set:
Example: (-, -2] means the same thing as x -2
Infinity (positive or negative) never gets a bracket
Always write the smaller number, bigger number
Domain: All x-
values (L R)
{x: - < x < }

Range: All y-
values (D U)
{y: y -4}
Domain: All real numbers
Range:
Greater
than or
equal to -4
Determine the domain and range of each
function.
Domain: What you are allowed to plug in for
x.
Easier to ask what you cant plug in for x.
Limited by division by zero or negative even roots
Can be explicit or implied
Range: What you can get out for y using the
domain.
Easier to ask what you cant get for y.
Determine the domain of each function.
1. y = x
2
+ 2


2.
2
1
9
y
x

Determine the domain of each function.

1.


2.
2 y x
2
2 y x
Functions can also be thought of as dependent
relationships. In a function, the value of the
output depends on the value of the input.
Independent quantity: Input values, x-values,
domain
Dependent quantity: Output value, which
depends on the input value, y-values, range
The number of pretzels, p, that can be packaged
in a box with a volume of V cubic units is given
by the equation p = 45V + 10. In this
relationship, which is the dependent variable?
In an equation, the dependent variable is usually
represented as f (x).
Read f of x
f = name of function; x = independent variable
Takes place of y: y = f (x)
f (x) does NOT mean multiplication!
f (3) means the function evaluated at 3 where
you plug 3 in for x.
Evaluate each function when x = -3.
1. f (x) = -2x
3
+ 5

2. g (x) = 12 8x

Let g(x) = -x2 + 4x + 1. Find each function value.
1. g(2)

2. g(t)

3. g(t + 2)
Objectives:
1. To determine if a
relation is a function
2. To find the domain
and range of a
function
3. To evaluate
functions
Assignment:
Continue
Pgs 118-119
#47-79 odd