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Group -12
Created by: 500186 Date: 1/2/2014
Doc. Classification: General
MP13070 V B Sharma
MP13071 Vivek Banka
MP13072 B K Dubey
MP13073 Chawar Singh
MP13074 R K Pandey
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In recent years, the
concept has emerged
as a potential remedy
to some of the key
market and
institutional failures.
Green Economy is more
effective pathway to
Sustainable Development
and Poverty Eradication
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WHAT IS GREEN ECONOMY
The green economy is one that results in improved human
well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing
environmental risks and ecological scarcities.

It is an economy or economic development model based on
sustainable development and a knowledge of ecological
economics.

It uses Threshold 21 model to analyse strategies for
medium to long-term development and poverty reduction
and reflects the dependence of economic production on
the traditional inputs of labour and physical capital.

Focuses on enabling conditions for ensuring a successful
transition.
WHAT LEADERS ARE SAYING?
What is critical for Barbados and other small island developing
states is that the green economy debate recognizes our structural
vulnerabilities, offers a model to assist us in further realizing our
sustainable development aspirations and creates the institutional
platform that enables us to participate in innovative partnerships to
help save the planet.
H.E. Freundel Stuart , Prime Minister of Barbados, 28 March 2012
China will honor its commitment to growing a green economy and
promoting the conservation culture. The key is to combine
economic growth, equality and of course the protection,
preservation or even the rehabilitation of natural resources or
natural capital.
H.E. Hu Jintao, President of China, 12 November 2011
India makes a strong case for a Green
Economy .
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1987
Our Common Future (BRUNDTLAND Report)
Popularizes Term Sustainable Development
1992
UN Conference on Environment and Development
(RIO EARTH SUMMIT)
1999
Grassroots Anti-Globalization Movement Grows
Battle of Seattle
2000
Millennium Summit
UN Millennium Development Goals
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2001
First World Social Forum
Porto Alegre, Brazil
2008
World Food, Fuel and Finance Crises Converge
Green Economy Idea Enters the Mainstream
Green Economy Initiative Launched by UNEP
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2012
RIO +20
UN Conference on Sustainable Development

GREEN ECONOMY =

Low Carbon Growth + Resource Efficiency + Social Inclusivity

= SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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UNEP GREEN ECONOMY INITIATIVE
Selecting and driving transformation in
key sectors - critical or highly material for
greening the global economy
: Approach and Focus
UNEP GREEN ECONOMY INITIATIVE
On enabling conditions (finance, subsidies,
taxes, regulations, and related reforms that
achieve GE objective)
Enabling
Conditions
FOCUS APPROACH
taxes, regulations
subsidies
finance
To reduce / eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and consumption
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(Agriculture)
Strong comparative advantage for many
developing countries:
suitable climatic conditions and rich biodiversity
less contaminated soils
Organic:
2010: $59 billion > 2015: $105 billion
most production is in developing countries (>
75%), most consumption in developed countries (>
95%)
development of regional organic trade (e.g. South
America)
increasing demand for value-added organic
products (e.g. juices, spices)
Higher price premiums
Improved trade balances: use of local, instead
of costly imported, inputs and increased exports
of sustainable agrifood products

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Simulation Model 2011 2030 2050
Variables Unit Baseline Green BAU2 Green BAU2
Agriculture Prod. Bn US$/Yr. 1921 2421 2268 2852 2559
Crop Bn US$/Yr. 629 836 795 996 913
Livestock Bn US$/Yr. 439 590 588 726 715
Fishery Bn US$/Yr. 106 76 83 91 61
Employment M People 1075 1393 0.80 1703 1656
Agriculture water
use
KM3/ Yr. 3389 3526 4276 3207 4878
Harvested Land Bn Ha 1.2 1.25 1.27 1.26 1.31
Deforestation M Ha /Yr 16 7 15 7 15
Calories per
Capita / Day
Kcal/P/D 2787 3093 3050 3382 3273
Future Scenarios for Green Economy
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Fisheries (in a Blue World)
Demand for certified fish products
(such as eco-label products) has
gained momentum
Sustainable procurement policies
of large international food firms are
likely to further drive demand
Processing: developing countries yet
to exploit additional gains with
product certification:
Growth areas include frozen
organic fish and sustainable
aquaculture
Tourism: recreational fishing, whale
watching, scuba diving, etc.
The worlds marine fisheries are socially
and economically vital, providing animal
protein and supporting food security to
over 1 billion people & 170 million jobs.
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1. Water, a basic necessity for sustaining life, goes undelivered to many
of the worlds poor.
2. 1.4 million children under the age of 5 die due to a lack of access to
clean water and adequate sanitation services.

3. Providing all households with sufficient and affordable access to clean
water supplies as well as adequate sanitation.

4. Korea has invested US$ 17.3 billion in a Four Major Rivers Restoration
Project to secure sufficient water, flood control, and improve quality &
create 340,000 jobs.
5. Australia has invested A$ 3.1 billion to restore health to the seriously
over-allocated Australias Murray Darling basin.
6. Cost of achieving the 2015 MDGs at US$ 142 billion per year for
providing sanitation services and US$ 42 billion per year for drinking
water.
7. Additional investment in water sector US$ Bn/year 191by 2030 and
311by 2050.
Water: A UNIQUE NATURAL RESOURCE
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Manufacturing
Switching to more efficient
manufacturing will save energy and
resources and enable developing
countries to produce goods for export
at a lower price -> increased
competitiveness
Potential to generate new business
from remanufacturing: -> technology
and knowledge transfer, increased
employment and exports
Eco-labels to market sustainably
manufactured products -> growing
demand in developed countries
New greener products, e.g. energy
efficient products like light bulbs -> new
market opportunities

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Forests
Developing Countries Trade and
Export opportunities in the forest
industry include:
certified timber
recycled timber
non-timber forest products
(NTFPs): food items,
pharmaceutical ingredients and
cosmetic products, etc.
forest tourism
Currently, demand outstrips supply

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Renewable Energy
Growing export opportunities for raw
materials and components for renewable
energy supply products (e.g. solar panels,
wind turbines)

Entry into supply chains through trade in
intermediate goods key opportunity for
developing countries (encouraged by
government policies, such as feed-in tariffs)

Exports of renewable energy: many
developing countries have abundant
renewable energy resources (potential to
export), including solar energy, wind power,
geothermal energy, biomass and hydro

Potential opportunities for sustainable
second-generation biofuels
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Demonstrating that Greening
is a new engine for growth,
addressing hurdles &
enabling conditions
ecosystems & biodiversity,
capturing these values, and
Green Economy
Report
TEEB
Green Growth
Knowledge
Platform
Networking with
Civil Society and
Private Sector
Inter-agency
Partnerships
Advisory
Services
Green Jobs
Initiative
UNEP, WB, OECD,
GGGI
ILO, ITUC, IOE,
UNEP
UNEP, UNDP, ILO,
Governments, National
Institutions
UNEP working with 40
Agencies in the UN system
GEC, GGGF, UN Global
Compact
GEC Green Economy Coalition ITUC International Trade Union Confederation
GGGF Global Green Growth Forum OECD Organization of Economic Cooperation & Development
GGGI Global Green Growth Institute UNDP United Nations Development Programme
ILO International Labour Organization WB World Bank
IOE International Organization of Employers
PAGE (Partnership for Action on Green Economy)
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GREEN ECNOMY STRENGTHS
A Proposal for Addressing the triple crisis
A Strategy to Create a Social Base.
GREEN ECNOMY WEAKNESSES
Danger of a Green-washing Consensus.
Closes off Space for Other Alternatives.
Cannot Address Infinite Growth on a Finite Planet.
Tries to Decouple Economic Growth from Environmental
Destruction.
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Key policy drivers? On the domestic level
Providing support to exporters to meet standards in
international markets.
Creating, maintaining and enforcing a stringent domestic
standards.
Changing fiscal policy (e.g. phasing out environmentally
harmful subsidies) and employing new market-based
instruments (e.g. green public procurement)
Promoting innovation (i.e. investment in education and
training, support for R&D).
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Key policy drivers? On the international level?
Concluding the WTO Doha Round on:
(i) reduction of tariffs and non-tariff barriers to trade in EGS
(ii) discipline of fisheries and agriculture subsidies
Creating an agreement on a joint effort to bring new
technologies more quickly to the market (open innovation
schemes, international R&D, publicly backed patent pools,
etc.)
Harmonising or granting equivalency of standards
ensure that different standard schemes for sustainable
producers do not exclude developing country producers
Promoting public awareness to increase consumer demand
for sustainable food, products, and services.
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What is Rio+20?
Rio+20 is a joint endeavour of UN.

Rio+20 - the short name for the United Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development to take place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
in June 2012 is a historic opportunity to define pathways to a
Safer, more equitable, cleaner, greener and more prosperous
world for all.

Rio+20 is a chance
to move away from business as-usual and
to act to end poverty,
to address environmental destruction and
to build a bridge to the future.

Going beyond GDP
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Rio+20 provides an opportunity to think globally, so that we can all act
locally to secure our common future.

Broadening the use of renewable energy sources that can significantly lower
carbon emissions as well as indoor and outdoor pollution, while promoting
economic growth.

Making the transition to greener economies while focusing on poverty
eradication.

To build a green economy to achieve sustainable development.

Lift people out of poverty, including support for developing countries.

Improve international coordination for sustainable development.

Governments are expected to adopt clear and focused practical measures
for implementing sustainable development.
Advantages of Rio+20
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Green Economy and Sustainable
Development in India:
Stocktaking in the run up to Rio+20
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Description Triple Bottom Line Benefits
Natural Rural Employment Guarantee
Act (NREGA) to promotes wage
employment in over 615 rural districts.
Aims to enhance livelihood security of
households in rural areas of the
country by providing at least 100 days
of guaranteed wage employment in a
financial year to every household
whose adult members volunteer to do
unskilled manual work.
To strengthening natural resource
management through works that
address causes of chronic poverty like
drought, deforestation and soil erosion
and so encourage sustainable
development.

Generated more than 3.5 billion days
of work in first 2.5 Years reaching on
average 30 million families per year.
Women represent roughly half the
employed workforce.
NREGA has contributed to boosting
the average wage of agricultural
laborers by more than 25%.
Improved ecosystem health through
financing of rural works that address
causes of drought, deforestation, and
soil erosion.
Crop and livestock production
improved.
Encouragement of transparency and
accountability in governance
G E Policies & Programs in India
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Mahatma Gandhi NREGA at a Glance
Parameter Unit FY13-14 * FY12-13 FY11-12
Total Districts Nos. 644 636 635
Total Villages Nos. 778134 778134 778133
HH Registered Rs. Cr 12.9 12.9 12.6
Expenditure on
Wages
Rs. Cr. 19297.1 27129.3 24306.2
Total Expenditure Rs. Cr. 27363.4 39658.6 37072.7
Wage Employment
Provided (Total)
Lakhs 593.7 796.7 820
To Women Lakhs 288.9 374.9 373.3
Avg. Wage rate per
day per person
Rs. 130.3 121.4 114.5
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Description Bottom Line Benefits
In 1980 Indo-German Watershed
Development Program. (IGWDP)

Approach to watershed management in
drought-afflicted rural areas to combine
natural resource management with poverty
alleviation.

Investment of over 70 million euro.

Villages must contribute free labor - a
common rural practice known as shramdan
- to cover at least 15-20% of project costs.

11 union states and 352 projects spread
across the states of Maharashtra, Andhra
Pradesh, Gujarat, and Rajasthan.
Increased availability of
agricultural work.
245,000 people trained in
watershed management.
Enhanced stabilization of wage
levels.
The Programs now covers over
300,000 hectares of dry lands.
Improvements in water table
level.
Reduced vulnerability to erosion
and drought.
As per World Bank it has the
highest efficiency of all analyzed
programs in Maharashtra
G E Policies & Programs in India
Challenges & Opportunities
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Challenges
Increasing demand for food
Competing demand from biofuels
Limited arable land and scarce resource like water
Limited availability of mineral inputs
Rural labour issues
Increased vulnerability of agriculture due to Climate change
Overfishing
Small scale Fisheries & Subsidies
Opportunities
Government awareness
Donor support & Private funding
Increasing consumer demand for sustainable food
Adopting partnering and Farm mechanization.
Jobs supported by global fisheries.
Investing in biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Investing in improved forest management and certification
GE Transition is not without challenges, particularly for poor
CONCLUSION
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Potential to achieve sustainable development and
Eradicate poverty on an unprecedented scale, with
speed and effectiveness.

Green economy supports growth, income and jobs.

In the longer term 2020 and beyond moving
towards a green economy would outperform BAU by both
traditional measures (GDP growth) as well as more holistic
measures (per capita growth).

Sectors, such as agriculture, buildings, forestry and transport
under green economy delivers more jobs in the short, medium
and long-term than BAU.

A large amount of the funds needed for green investments at
scale in the initial stages of the transition towards a green
economy must come from new and innovative financing
mechanisms.
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WE wish you always:

Clean Air to breath,
Fire to warm you,
Water to drink and
The earth to live in.
THANK YOU !