Presentation

on
Fourier Series
Fourier series
f(t) = 1/2a
o
+ a
1
cosw
o
t +a
2
cos2w
o
t +
a
3
cos3w
o
t+b
1
sinw
o
t +b
2
sin2w
o
t
+b
3
sin3w
o
t..........--------------------- 1

f(t)=1/2a
o
+
n=1

a
n
cos nw
o
t +
n=1

b
n
sin
nw
o
t.---------------------- 2
Here , w
o
= 2f = 2/T
& as and bs are the coefficients.
Drichlets condition:
f(t) should be well defined and single
valued. f(t) should have finite average
value over the period T.
f(t) must posses only finite no of
discontinuties in period T.
f(t) must have a finite number of +ve
and ve maxima in the period T.

Step 1:
Integrating eq. 2 for full period:-
-T/2

T/2
f(t) dt = 1/2a
0

-T/2

T/2
dt +
-T/2

T/2
n=1

(a
n
cosnw
o
t + b
n
sinnw
o
t) dt

Int . of cos and sin is zero for a complete period
So,
-T/2

T/2
f(t) dt =1/2a
o
T

a
o
= 2/T
-T/2

T/2
f(t) dt _________3
Step 2:
Multiplying both sides of eq. 2 by
cosmw
o
t and integrating:

-T/2

T/2
f(t) cosmw
o
t dt = 1/2
-T/2

T/2
aocosmw
o
t dt +
-T/2

T/2
n=1

a
n
cosnw
o
t
cosmw
o
t +
-T/2

T/2
n=1

bn sinnw
o
t cosmw
o
tdt
Here ,1/2
-T/2

T/2
aocosmw
o
t dt = 0

-T/2

T/2
n=1

an cosnw
o
t cosmw
o
t



= a
n
/2
-T/2

T/2
[cos(m+n)w
o
t + cos(m-
n)w
o
t]
= 0 for m n
& T/2a
n
for m= n
-T/2

T/2
n=1

b
n
sinnw
o
t cosmw
o
tdt
= b
n
/2
-T/2

T/2
[sin(m+n)w
o
t -
sin(m-n)w
o
t]
= 0
So, combining all terms
-T/2

T/2
f(t) cosnw
o
t dt =T/2a
n
for m = n

Hence ,a
n
=2/T
-T/2

T/2
f(t) cosnw
o
t dt

Step 3:
Multiplying both sides of eq. 2 by sinmw
o
t and
integrating:

-T/2

T/2
f(t) sinmw
o
t dt = 1/2
-T/2

T/2
a
o
sinmw
o
t dt

+
-T/2

T/2
n=1

a
n
cosnw
o
t sinmw
o
t
+
-T/2

T/2
n=1

b
n
sinnw
o
t sinmw
o
t dt

Here , 1/2
-T/2

T/2
a
o
sinmw
o
t dt = 0

-T/2

T/2
n=1

a
n
cosnw
o
t sinmw
o
t = 0


-T/2

T/2
n=1

b
n
sinnw
o
t sinmw
o
t dt
= 0 for m n
& T b
n
/2

for m= n
Combining all terms,

-T/2

T/2
f(t) sinmw
o
t dt = T b
n
/2 for m = n

so, b
n
=2/T
-T/2

T/2
f(t) sinmw
o
t dt

Complex or exponential form of Fourier
series :
f(t) = 1/2a
o
+
n=1

a
n
cos nw
o
t +
n=1

b
n
sin nw
o
t.--------
---------------------------------------------1
And e
inwot

= cos nw
o
t + i sin nw
o
t.--------- 2
e
-inwot
= cos nw
o
t i sin nw
o
t---------------- 3
Adding 2 and 3 :
(e
inwot
+ e
-inwot
)/2 = cosnw
o
t --------------4
Now ,eq2 eq3:
(e
inwot
- e
-inwot
)/2 = sinnw
o
t ------------------5
Putting 4 and 5 in 1
f(t) = 1/2a
o
+
n=1

a
n
(e
inwot
+ e
-inwot
)/2 +
n=1

b
n
(e
inwot
- e
-inwot
)/2 .
= 1/2a
o
+
n=1

(a
n
e
inwot
+ a
n
e
-inwot
/2 + b
n
e
inwot
- b
n
e
-inwot
/2i)
= 1/2a
o
+
n=1

(i a
n
e
inwot
+ i a
n
e
-inwot
+ b
n
e
inwot
- b
n
e
-
inwot
)/2i
= 1/2a
o
+
n=1

{e
inwot
(i a
n
+ b
n
)

+ e
-inwot
(i a
n
- b
n
)}/2i
=

1/2a
o
+
n=1

{ e
inwot
(a
n
-i b
n
) + e
-inwot
(a
n
+ i b
n
)}/2---- 6
now , c
n
= (a
n
-i b
n
) & c
-n
= ( a
n
+i b
n
)
c
o
= 1/2a
o
c
-n
is the complex conjugate of c
n.

also, a
n
= 2/T
-T/2

T/2
f(t) cosnw
o
t dt &
b
n
= 2/T
-T/2

T/2
f(t) sinmw
o
t dt ------------------ 7


using eq 2, 3 & 7
c
n.
= 1/T
-T/2

T/2
f(t) [cosnw
o
t i sinnw
o
t] dt
= 1/T
-T/2

T/2
f(t) e
-inwot
dt-------------------8
& c
-n
= 1/T
-T/2

T/2
f(t) [cosnw
o
t + i sinnw
o
t] dt
= 1/T
-T/2

T/2
f(t) e
inwot
dt--------------------9
Putting these values in eq 6
f(t) = 1/2c
o
+
n=1

c
n
e
inwot
+
n=1

c
-n

e
-inwot

so,
f(t) = 1/2c
o
+
n=1

c
n
e
inwot
+
n=-

-1
c
n

e
inwot
for ve n in last term

Thanks