Chapter-2 1

CHAPTER-2
Individual Behavior in
Organization
Chapter-2 2
Objectives of The Chapter
Understanding behavior as an Input-
Output System
Biographical characteristics
Biological foundations of behavior
Cognitive Processes
Chapter-2 3
Understanding Behavior as an
Input Output System
The Traditional Perspective.
Behavioral Perspective.
Behavior as an Input Output System
Motivation as the basis for the input output
system
Chapter-2 4
The Traditional Perspective
The classic S-R model has been modified
to give rise to S-O-R model, in which O
represents the human being who
constantly interact with the environment.
Chapter-2 5
Behavioral Perspective
SITUATION(S)
Situation Environment
ORGANISM (O) BEHAVIOR (B)
Cogn
itive
proce
sses
Physical
process
es
Patterns
of
behavior
Responses Psych
ologic
al
proce
sses
Chapter-2 6
Behavior as an
Input-output System
According to this model, stimuli in the form
of inputs are processed at a central
processing region and converted into
outputs or responses.
Components are:
Inputs
Processing
Outputs
Chapter-2 7
Behavior as An Input Output
System
Inputs
Information about events
Past Experience
Processing
Thinking , Reasoning and Problem
Solving
Outputs
Physical Movements
Verbal expression of thoughts
Chapter-2 8
Motivation as The Basis for Input
Output System
Physiological Motivation
It refers to a lower level of motivation
Hunger , Thirst
Socio Physiological Motivation
Higher level needs.
Chapter-2 9
Biological Characteristics
Age
Gender
Marital Status
Tenure
Chapter-2 10
AGE
Young People Vs Older People.
Turnover , Absenteeism and Productivity.
Older Unavoidable Absence
Chapter-2 11
Gender
Problem Solving, Analytical Skills,
Motivational Skills, Interpersonal Skills
and learning abilities.
Absenteeism.
Chapter-2 12
Marital Status
Greater responsibilities
Families
Chapter-2 13
Tenure
Evidence shows that a persons tenure in
the previous organization is the best way to
predict whether an individual is likely to stay
for a long time.
Chapter-2 14
Biological Foundations of
Behavior
Heredity
Biological development of the individual
Nervous System
Constituents of the nervous system
Chapter-2 15
Heredity
The process by which characteristics are
given from a parent to the child through
the genes.
Chapter-2 16
Biological Development of The
Individual
The secretions of various glands such as
pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and gonads are
responsible for the physical and emotional
growth of an individual.
Nervous system:
Neurons are specialized cells that transmit
information from one part of the body to
another and are building block of nervous
system.
Chapter-2 17
Biological Development of the
Individual contd.
There are three components of neurons
Axon
Dendrites
Synapse
Dendrites: These are certain projections
that branch out from the neuron. They
receive
Chapter-2 18
Information from other neurons.
Axon: Carries information towards other
neurons.
Synapse: This is a small space
between two neurons through which
communication takes place.
Biological Development of the
Individual contd.
Chapter-2 19
Cognitive Processes
It Includes
Thinking,
Problem solving
Other cognitive processes
Chapter-2 20
Thinking
Enables him to react to stimuli when he is
not physically present.
Will respond in a limited
number of ways
When faces with familiar
instances
Chapter-2 21
Problem Solving
Refers to the abilities like sorting
and discrimination vary from person
to person due to differences in their
linguistic habits.
Chapter-2 22
Other Cognitive Processes
Day Dreaming
Not linked to reality
Pathological Thinking
Mental disorder characterized
by illogical thoughts.
Chapter-2 23
Summary of The Chapter
Understanding behavior as an Input-
Output System
Biographical characteristics
Biological foundations of behavior
Cognitive Processes