By: PADMA T.

DASWANI, RN
ALGAE
Are eucaryotic and photosynthetic organisms
SIZE:
> tiny, unicellular microscopic organisms (ex.
DIATOM. DINOFLAGELLATES, DESMIDS)
> Large multicellular plant like seaweeds
Found in fresh and salty water, soil, trees,
plants and rocks
produces energy by PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Important source of FOOD, IODINE and
other minerals, fertilizers.
They are classified as GREEN BROWN and RED
algae
Several genus of algae secretes substances
(PHYCOTOXIN) that are poisonous to human,
fishes and other animals.
ex. Pfiesteria piscicida has killed billions of fish
along the eastern seaboard.
They are easy to find: large seaweeds, kelp
along the ocean shores, green scum floating
on the pond water, slippery materials in rocks.

Amnesic shellfish poisoning = one of the most
serious illness associated with red tide toxin. It
causes GI and neuro symptoms, can be FATAL
Ciguatera fish poisoning = one of the most
frequently reported non-bacterial illness
associated with eating fish in . Causes GI,
neuro and cardio symptoms, can cause
paralysis and can be FATAL
Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning = mild GI
disorder d/t ingestion of shellfish containing
toxins of dinoflagellates
HUMAN DISEASE CAUSED BY PHYCOTOXIN
Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning = d/t ingestion
of shellfish containing toxins of dinoflagellates
causing GI and neuro symptoms, NOT FATAL
Paralytic Shellfish poisoning = d/t ingestion of
shellfish containing toxins of dinoflagellates
causing neuro symptoms

PROTOZOA
PROTOZOA
Eucaryotic, singled-cell , animal-liked organism
Most are free living organisms found in soil
and H20
They cannot make their own food by
photosynthesis

PARASITIC PROTOZOA = protozoa that
breakdown and absorbs nutrients from the
body of the host
CLASSIFICATION
Protozoas are divided according to their method of
locomotion (movement)

CILIAPHORA Cilia Balantidium coli
SARCODINA Pseudopodia Entamoeba
hystolitica
MASTIGAPHORA Flagella Trypanosoma brucei
Trichomonas vaginais
Giardia lamblia
SPOROZOEA Nonmotile Plasmodium spp
FUNGI
Fungi are almost everywhere on earth,
living in H20, soil and with in animals and
plants
They cause the deterioration of LEATHER,
PLASTICS, SPOILAGE of JAM, PICKLES and
many other foods.

BENEFICIAL FUNGI = are important in
the production of CHEESE, YOGURT, BEER
, WINE, certain drugs and antibiotics.
Example:
MUSHROOM = class of fungi that grows in soil
or in rotting log

MOLDS = fungi found in H20, soil and on food
= they are the main source of
antobiotics

YEAST = yeast are found in soil, water and on
the skin of many fruits and vegetables

YEAST Candida albican Oral thrush
Yeast Vaginitis
MOLDS Rhizopius

Aspergillus
Zygomycosis

Aspergillosis (lung
infection)
DERMATOPHYTES = fungi living on or with in the skin,
hair and fingernails, toenails or mucous membrane at
body opening
= causes TINEA infection or ringworm
DERMATOPHYTES
TINEA PEDIS
TINEA UNGUIUM
TINEA CAPITIS
TINEA BARBAE
TINEA CORPORIS
TINEA CRURIS
Are so small and simple in structure that
they do not fit the living classification
Size: 10-30nm to 1 micrometer.
The smallest is about the size of the large
hemoglobin molecule of RBC

ONCOGENIC VIRUS or ONCOVIRUS = cause
specific types of cancers .
VIRUS TYPE VIRUS DISEASE
Poxvirus Variola Smallpox
Vaccinia Cowpox
Polyomapapilloma Papillomavirus Warts
Polymavirus Some tumors
Herpes virus Herpes Simplex I
Herpes Simplex II
Fever Blisters/ Cold sores
Genital Herpes
Herpes zoster Shingles
Varicella Chickenpox
Picornavirus Rhinovirus Cold
Poliovirus Poliomyelitis
Hepatitis A and B virus Hepatitis
Reovirus Enterovirus Intestinal Infection
Myxovirus Rhabdovirus Rabies
Paramyxovirus Measles
Myxovirus Mumps
Retrovirus HIV AIDS
1. The virus that causes Chickenpox
2. It is said to be the recurrence of Chicken pox
3. What is AIDS.
4. What is the mode of transmission of Rhabdo virus.
5. The disease caused by rhabdo virus
6-7 Differentiate Herpes simplex I and II.
8.-9 Give atleast two importance of controlling the growth of microbes.
10-11. Differentiate antiseptic and disinfectant
12. These are chemicals used to kill algae in swimming pools and hot tubs.
13. Where do we usually apply sterile technique?
14-15 differentiate bacteriostatic and bactericidal.