EXIT EXAM REVIEW

PHY12

By: fmn 06/06/14

THERMAL EXPANSION
Linear Expansion
Area Expansion

Change L to A and to : = 2

Volume Expansion

Change L to V and to : = 3

Stress = - Y o AT
Force,F = -Y A o
AT
THERMAL STRESS
2 Common Effects of Heat
1. Change in temperature
2. Change in Phase
Change in Temperature
m m
Where:
m = mass of the body
C = specific heat
t = change in temperature

HEAT AND HEAT MEASUREMENTS
Change in Phase
Fixed Points points at which a substance will have a
change its phase without a change in
temperature.
Freezing Point/Melting Point

water
Boiling Point/Steam Point
steam
Units CGS MKS FPS
C Cal/g-c Kcal/kg-c BTU/slug-
F
Note: CGS/MKS
C
ice
0.5
C
water
1.0
C
steam
0.48
Units and values of Specific Heat, C

Values of
L
cgs mks fps
80 cal/g 80 kcal/kg 144 BTU/slug
540
cal/g
540
kcal/kg
972 BTU/slug
Values of Latent Heat
Principle of calorimetry (Mixing Substances)
Hotter bodies will give off heat
Colder bodies will absorb heat

By conservation of heat energy
Heat lost by hotter body = heat gained by colder
bodies
Mode of Heat transfer

Conduction

Convection




Radiation
MECHANISM OF HEAT TRANSFER
H = Q/t
= rate of heat flow ( J or cal/s
WAVE MOTION

Wave Speed,


wavelength,


Velocity of Transverse Wave,
(for vibrating string)



n
L 2
=
L
m
T
v =
Frequency, f
L
m
T
L
n
f
2
=
(String)
t
T
dL
n
f =
(Wire)
Mathematical Description of a Wave

( ) ( ) t kx A t x y = = cos , Sinusoidal wave moving in (+) x direction
SOUND WAVE

Speed of Sound in a Liquid,

Speed of Sound in a Solid Rod,

Speed of Sound in Air,
B
v

=

=
Y
v
t s m V
t s cm V
6 . 0 / 332
60 / 200 , 33
+ =
+ =
Resonance in an Air Column

Closed at One End



Open at Both Ends




Doppler Effect
1
1, 3, 5,
4
n
v
f n n n
L
= = =
1
1, 2, 3,
2
n
v
n n n
L
= = =
Electricity

Ohms Law,

Electric Power, P



Electrical Energy,E

V IR =
V
I
R
E = P X T

(Watts,W)
(KWH)
Voltage,V (V)
Current,I (Ampere, A)
Resistance,R (Ohm,)
Kirchhoffs Laws
1. Kirchhoffs Point (or Junction) Rule I in = I out

2. Kirchhoffs Loop (or circuit) Rule





= s IR s emf ' '
1. Complete the following statement: A temperature decrease of 30 C is
equal to a temperature decrease of
A) 30 F.
B) 30 K.
C) 17 F.
D) 26 F.

2. An aluminum tank of volume 0.0300 m
3
is filled to the top with mercury
at 20.0 C. The tank is placed inside a chamber with an interior
temperature of 70.0 C. The coefficient of volume expansion for mercury
is 1.82 10
4
/C; and the coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is
23.0 10
6
/C. After the tank and its contents reach thermal equilibrium
with the interior of the chamber, how much mercury has spilled?
A) 2.52 10
5
m
3

B) 6.60 10
5
m
3

C) 1.69 10
4
m
3

D) 1.92 10
4
m
3




3. A 0.30-kg lead ball is heated to 90.0 C and dropped into an ideal
calorimeter containing 0.50 kg of water initially at 20.0 C. What is the
final equilibrium temperature of the lead ball? The specific heat capacity
of lead is 128 J/(kg C); and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/(kg
C).
A) 84.8 C
B) 20.8 C
C) 21.3 C
D) 27.8 C

4. The ends of a cylindrical steel rod are maintained at two different
temperatures. The rod conducts heat from one end to the other at a rate
of 10 cal/s. At what rate would a steel rod twice as long and twice the
diameter conduct heat between the same two temperatures?
A) 5 cal/s
B) 10 cal/s
C) 20 cal/s
D) 40 cal/s

5. A periodic wave is produced on a stretched string. Which one of the
following properties is not related to the speed of the wave?
A) frequency
B) amplitude
C) wavelength
D) tension in the string

6. What is the distance to the nearest antinode from the fixed end of a
guitar string vibrating at its first harmonic?
A) l
B) 2l
C) l/2
D) l/4

7. What is the wavelength of a wave with a speed of 9.0 m/s and a period of
0.33 s?
A) 0.33 m
B) 1.5 m
C) 3.0 m
D) 13 m

The displacement of a vibrating string versus position along the string is
shown in the figure. The periodic waves have a speed of 10.0 cm/s. A and
B are two points on the string.







9. What is the amplitude of the wave?
A) 2 mm
B) 4 mm
C) 8 mm
D) 12 mm

10. What is the wavelength of the wave?
A) 3.0 cm
B) 6.0 cm
C) 9.0 cm
D) 12 cm




Two point charges are held at the corners of a rectangle as shown in the
figure. The lengths of sides of the rectangle are 0.050 m and 0.150 m.
Assume that the electric potential is defined to be zero at infinity.





11. Determine the electric potential at corner A.
A) +6.0 10
4
V
B) 2.4 10
5
V
C) +4.6 10
5
V
D) 7.8 10
5
V

12. What is the potential difference, V
B
V
A
, between corners A and B?
A) 8.4 10
5
V
B) 7.8 10
5
V
C) 7.2 10
5
V
D) 6.0 10
5
V





13. Which one of the following circuits has the largest resistance?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

14. A resistor dissipates 1.5 W when it is connected to a battery with a
potential difference of 12 V. What is the resistance of the resistor?
A) 220 W
B) 18 W
C) 8.0 W
D) 96 W

Three resistors are connected as shown in the figure. The potential
difference between points A and B is 26 V.




15. What is the equivalent resistance between the points A and B?
A) 3.8 W
B) 4.3 W
C) 5.1 W
D) 6.8 W


16. How much current flows through the 3- resistor?
A) 2.0 A
B) 4.0 A
C) 6.0 A
D) 8.7 A






17. Three resistors and two batteries are connected as
shown in the circuit diagram. What is the magnitude of
the current through the 12-V battery?
A) 0.82 A
B) 0.30 A
C) 0.67 A
D) 0.52 A



18. A train is moving toward a stationary observer with a speed of 30
m/s. The whistle of the locomotive has a frequency of 500 Hz and
the speed of sound of 340 m/s. What is the frequency heard by the
observer.
A) 458 Hz C) 458 Hz
B) 548 Hz D) 495 Hz

19. It is found out that 100 kcal of heat is just sufficient in changing a
certain amount of ice at -20
o
C to steam at 130
o
C. Determine the
mass of the ice. Ans. m = 0.13 kg

20. One end of the insulated metal rod is maintained at 100
o
C, and
the other end is maintained at 0
o
C by an ice-water mixture. The
rod is 60 cm long and has cross-sectional area of 1.25 cm
2
. The
heat conducted by the rod melts 8.50 g of ice in 10 min.
A) Find the thermal conductivity k of the metal.
B) What is the temperature at a point 25 cm from the hotter end