INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTERS
Parts of the Computer System
Parts of the Computer System
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Computer systems have four parts
Hardware
Software
Data
User (Peopleware)
Parts of the Computer System
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1. Hardware
Mechanical devices in the computer
Anything that can be touched

2. Software
Tell the computer what to do
Also called a program

Parts of the Computer System
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Data
Pieces of information stored in computers
Computer organize and present data

Users (Peopleware)
People operating the computer
Most important part of computer systems
Tell the computer what to do
Information Processing Cycle
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Steps followed to process data
Input
Processing
Output
Storage
Computer Hardware
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Computer Hardware
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MONITOR
A computer monitor is an
electronic device that shows
pictures. Monitors often look
similar to televisions. The main
difference between a monitor
and a television is that
a monitor does not have a
television tuner to change
channels. Monitors often have
higher display resolution than
televisions.

Computer Hardware
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KEYBOARD
A computer keyboard is an
important device that allows a
person to enter symbols like
letters and numbers into
a computer. It is the main
input device for most
computers. There are different
types of keyboards. The most
popular type is the QWERTY
design, which is based on
typewriter keyboards.
Computer Hardware
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MOUSE
A computer mouse is an input
device that is most often used
with a personal computer.
Moving a mouse along a flat
surface can move the on-screen
cursor to different items on the
screen. Items can be moved or
selected by pressing the mouse
buttons (called clicking).
Computer Hardware
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PRINTER
A printer is
an external hardware device
responsible for taking computer
data and generating a hard
copy of that data. Printers are
one of the most used peripherals
on computers and are commonly
used to print text, images, and
photos.
Computer Hardware
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COMPUTER CASE
A computer case also
known as a "computer
chassis", "tower", "system
unit", "base unit" or simply
"case" and sometimes
incorrectly referred to as the
"CPU" or "hard drive", is the
enclosure that contains most
of the components of
a computer.
Inside Computer Case
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Computer Hardware
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POWER SUPPLY
A power supply unit (PSU)
converts mains AC to low-
voltage regulated DC power for
the internal components of
a computer. Modern personal
computers universally use a
switched-mode power supply.
Some powersupplies have a
manual selector for input
voltage, while others
automatically adapt to
the supply voltage.

Computer Hardware
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VIDEO CARD
The video card is an
expansion card that allows
the computer to send
graphical information to a
video display device such
as a monitor, TV, or
projector.
Computer Hardware
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SOUND CARD
An expansion board that
enables a computer to
manipulate and output sounds.
Sound cards are necessary for
nearly all CD-ROMs and have
become commonplace on
modern personal computers.
Sound cards enable the
computer to output sound
through speakers connected to
the board, to record sound input
from a microphone connected to
the computer, and manipulate
sound stored on a disk.
Computer Hardware
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LAN CARD
A network card (also
called a Network Adapter
or Network Interface
Card, or NIC for short)
acts as the interface
between a computer and
a network cable. The
purpose of the network
card is to prepare, send,
and control data on the
network.

Computer Hardware
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MOTHERBOARD
A motherboard (somet
imes alternatively known
as the mainboard,
system board, planar
board or logic board, or
colloquially, a mobo) is
the main printed circuit
board (PCB) found in
computers and other
expandable systems.

Computer Hardware (STORAGE DEVICES)
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CPU (brain/brain of computer)
Central Processing Unit
(CPU) (formerly also
referred to as a central
processor unit ) is the
hardware within
a computer that carries
out the instructions of
a computer program by
performing the basic
arithmetical, logical, and
input/output operations of
the system.
Computer Hardware (STORAGE DEVICES)
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CD/DVD DRIVE
Computer Hardware
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MEMORY
The computer memory is
a temporary storage area. It
holds the data and
instructions that the Central
Processing Unit (CPU)
needs. Before a program can
be run, the program is
loaded from some storage
medium into the memory.
This allows the CPU direct
access to the program.

Computer Hardware
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RAM
Random Access
memory (RAM) is a
form of computer data
storage. A random-
access memory device
allows data items to be
read and written in
roughly the same
amount of time
regardless of the order
in which data items are
accessed.

Computer Hardware
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ROM
Read-only memory (ROM)
is a type of storage
medium that permanently
stores data on personal
computers (PCs) and other
electronic devices. Because
ROM is read-only, it
cannot be changed; it is
permanent and non-
volatile, meaning it will
also hold its memory even
when power is removed.
By contrast, random
access memory (RAM) is
volatile; it is lost when
power is removed.
Computer Hardware
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HARD DISK
Hard Disk Drive
(HDD) is a data
storage device used
for storing and
retrieving digital
information using
rapidly rotating disks
(platters) coated with
magnetic material. An
HDD retains its data
even when powered
off.
Computer Software
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Essential Computer Hardware
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Input and output devices
Allows the user to interact
Input devices accept data
Keyboard, mouse
Output devices deliver data
Monitor, printer, speaker
Some devices are input and output
Touch screens

Essential Computer Hardware
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Storage devices
Hold data and programs permanently
Different from RAM
External Hard Drive
USB Flash Drive
Uses a magnet to access data
Optical storage
CD and DVD drives
Uses a laser to access data
Software Runs The Machine
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Tells the computer what to do
Reason people purchase computers
Two types
System software
Application software
Software Runs The Machine
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System software
Most important software
Operating system
Windows 8
Network operating system (OS)
Windows Server 2003
Utility
Avast Antivirus, Clean Master,
Software Runs The Machine
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Application software
Accomplishes a specific task
Most common type of software
MS Word
MS Excel
MS PowerPoint
Covers most common uses of computers
Computer data
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Fact with no meaning on its own
Stored using the binary number system
Data can be organized into files
Computer users
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Role depends on ability
Setup the system
Install software
Mange files
Maintain the system
Userless computers
Run with no user input
Automated systems

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS ,
PETER NORTON
MCGRAW-HILL.

WWW. MHHE. COM/PETERNORTON
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