SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM

Trees + pasture and/or animal

Trees and shrub will provide fodder,
timber, fuelwood, fruit, soil improvement
Needed in dry areas
Meet wood and fodder demand
3 categories
Silvopasture combines trees with forage
and livestock production.
The trees are managed for high-value
sawlogs and, at the same time, provide
shade and shelter for livestock and forage,
reducing stress and sometimes increasing
forage production.
In plantations of conifers or hardwoods for
timber or Christmas trees, managed
grazing provides added products and
income. Some nut and fruit orchards may
also be grazed.
SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM
1. PROTEIN BANKS
Protein-rich trees are planted around farmlands and
rangelands

2. LIVING FENCE OF FODDER TREES AND HEDGES
Trees planted as live-fences to protect property from
stray animal and other biotic

3. TREES AND SHRUBS ON PASTURES
Trees are scattered irregularly or arrange according to
some systematic pattern supplement forage
production
SILVOPASTORALISM AS
TEMPERATE AF SYSTEM
Definition defined as a land management
system managed for wood production and
domesticated animals
Available in large pine plantation under
corporate ownership, national forests for multiple
use, small farm woodlots, intensively managed
pastures with trees
Subject to forest ecotype, land ownership, owner
objectives and experience, markets, government
policies, availability of investment funds and
technical assistance
MANAGEMENT ASPECT OF
SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM
MANAGING FOR TIMBER PRODUCTION
Develop management plan for producing
and marketing wood products
Take into consideration biophysical
characteristics of land and market
opportunities
Land area and ecological characteristic
determine type and quantity of tree
biomass produced
MANAGING FOR TIMBER
PRODUCTION
Must consider tree species composition
and quality, size class composition, stand
accessibility and size
Basic steps site preparation,
regeneration, maintenance, final harvest
GRAZING MANAGEMENT
Control impact of grazing animals with the
objective of producing livestock products
economically with minimal adverse
environmental impacts
Plants palatable to grazing animals dominate the
worlds grasslands, occur in shrublands and
forests
Hardwoods are highly palatable to livestock and
wildlife
Grazing must be adjusted over the course of
tree rotation
GRAZING MANAGEMENT
Need strategy to control grazing intensity, timing,
distribution, sequence
Supplemental feeding with protein concentrate
or farm by-products
Separate livestock according to nutritive
requirements and functions milk, wool, growth
Requires construction of structural
improvements fencing and herding to prevent
environmental degradation
AGROSILVOPASTORAL
SYSTEM
Tree + crop + pasture/animals
2 subgroups: homegardens and woody
hedgerows for browse, mulch, green
manure, soil conservation

Homegardens
One of the oldest agroforestry practices
Found extensively in high rainfall areas
Various types of plants trees, shrubs, herbs
are grown in dense, random arrangement
Control of choice of species, spatial and
temporal arrangement
Homegardens also support a variety of animals
(cow, buffalo, goat, pig) and birds (duck,
chicken)


Fodder and legumes are for cattle
Agricultural waste also used as fodder
Barn waste used as manure for crops
India trees for fruit and timber, vegetable,
sugarcane, bamboo live fences
Thailand trees for fruit and food, herbs, birds
Malaysia? Trees for fruit, palm trees, herbs,
agriculture crop and cattle

Homegardens 2

Therefore, homegardens represent land-use
systems involving deliberate management of
multipurpose trees and shrubs in intimate
association with annual and perennial
agricultural crops with livestock within the
compounds of individual houses
The whole tree-crop-animal being intensively
manage by family labour
Homegardens 3
Highly productive, sustainable and practicable
Food production is the function of most home
garden
Various food products provide a substantial
proportion of the nutritive and energy
requirements of the local diet
Species diversity and varying production cycles
of the different components ensure continuous
production throughout the year
Homegardens 4
Structure of home gardens:
Small average size of management units
High species diversity
3-4 vertical canopy strata:
- Herbaceous layer near the ground
- lower tree layer (food plants, vegetables; 1-3m)
- intermediate layer (various fruit trees; 5-10m)
- Upper layer (medium sized trees 10-20m;
emergent and mature trees 25m)

Homegardens 5

Woody Hedgerows
Fast-growing and coppicing fodder shrubs
and trees planted for browse. Mulch,
green manure, soil conservation
Aim food, fodder, fuelwood, soil
conservation

Others system
APICULTURE WITH TREE
Various honey (nectar) producing tree
species mixed with agricultural crop
For honey production
Species: Eucalyptus, Malaleuca,

AQUAFORESTRY
Various trees and shrubs that are preferred by
fish are planted on the boundary and around
fish-ponds
Tree leaves are used as forage by fish
Aim fish production and bund stability around
ponds

MULTIPURPOSE WOODLOTS
Special location-specific MPTS are grown
mixed or separately planted for various
purposes